Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. IX. On the principle of homotyposis and its relation to heredity, to the variability of individual, and to that of the race. Part I. Homotyposis in the vegetable kingdom.
Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. IX. On the principle of homotyposis and its relation to heredity, to the variability of individual, and to that of the race. Part I. Homotyposis in the vegetable kingdom.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.1901.0020
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发表时间：
1901-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fawcett, CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pearson, K;Lee, A;Fawcett, CD
（1.）本文件力求探讨我长期以来一直在探讨的一个问题，并采用与我所掌握的时间和手段相适应的最广泛的基础。首先，我经常对选择所能产生的变异性的微小减少印象深刻。单亲的后代虽然在性格上有差异，可能与种族的平均性格差异很大，但在性格上的变异性仍然只比种族变异性略低，比如说最多低10%。即使我们选择无限代的祖先，后代的变异性也将达到原始种族的89%以上。现在，亲本产生变异后代的这种能力一定以某种方式与这些后代的相似程度有关。因此，我们的主题有两个基本部分：（i.）个体差异与种族差异的比例是多少？（二）个体的变异性与种族内的遗传有什么关系？我必须努力把我的意思解释得更充分、更清楚一点。个体会长出许多相似的器官，血液中的血球，花瓣，树叶，翅膀上的鳞片。这些可能会或可能不会被分为不同的群体。叶的特殊形式出现在果实附近;小花可以根据它们在花上的位置来区分，鳞片可以根据它们在翅膀上的位置来区分;可能有两个或两个以上的血细胞。
(1.) The present paper endeavours to deal with a problem upon which I have long been occupied, adopting the widest basis compatible with the time and means at my disposal. In the first place, I have often been impressed with the small reduction in variability which can be produced by selection. The offspring of a single parent while diverging in character, possibly very widely from the average character of the race, will still have a variability in that character only slightly reduced, say at most 10 per cent, below the racial variability. Even if we select the ancestry for an indefinite number of generations, the offspring will have a variability upwards of 89 per cent, of that of the original race. Now this capacity in the parent for producing variable offspring must be in some manner related to the degree of resemblance in those offspring. We have thus the two fundamental divisions of our subject: (i.) What is the ratio of individual to racial variability ?. (ii.) How is the variability in the individual related to inheritance within the race ?. I must endeavour to explain my meaning a little more fully and clearly. The individual puts forth a number of like organs, corpuscles in the blood, petals of the flower, leaves of the trees, scales on the wing. These may or may not be divided up into differentiated groups. Special forms of leaves occur in the neighbourhood of the fruit; florets may be differentiated according to their position on the flower, scales according to their position on the wing; there may be two or more classes of blood-corpuscles.