Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: Inter- and intranational differences
Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: Inter- and intranational differences
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.869
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Diener, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eid, M;Diener, E
一项多组潜在类别分析显示，体验情绪的规范既有普遍类型，也有文化特定类型。此外，可以发现国家内部在情感规范方面存在很大的差异，特别是在集体主义国家。出乎意料的是，个人主义的国家在规范上是最统一的，尤其是在快乐情感方面。个人主义国家和集体主义国家在自我反思情绪（如骄傲和内疚）的规范方面差异最大。情绪规范与国家内部的情绪体验有关。此外，即使在规范保持不变的情况下，报告的情感经历也存在强烈的国家差异。
Within- and between-nations differences in norms for experiencing emotions were analyzed in a cross-cultural study with 1,846 respondents from 2 individualistic (United States, Australia) and 2 collectivistic (China, Taiwan) countries. A multigroup latent class analysis revealed that there were both universal and culture-specific types of norms for experiencing emotions. Moreover, strong intranational variability in norms for affect could be detected, particularly for collectivistic nations. Unexpectedly, individualistic nations were most uniform in norms, particularly with regard to pleasant affect. Individualistic and collectivistic nations differed most strongly in norms for self-reflective emotions (e.g., pride and guilt). Norms for emotions were related to emotional experiences within nations. Furthermore, there were strong national differences in reported emotional experiences, even when norms were held constant.