Impact of battery electric vehicle penetration and corresponding changes in upstream processes on summer O3 concentrations in Japan
Impact of battery electric vehicle penetration and corresponding changes in upstream processes on summer O3 concentrations in Japan
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纯电动汽车普及率和上游过程的相应变化对日本夏季 O3 浓度的影响
DOI：
10.1002/essoar.10512177.1
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kajino Mizuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kayaba Satoko;Kajino Mizuo
一个区域气象-化学模式被用来评估乘用车改用电池电动汽车(BEV)对关东(日本人口最多的地区)夏季臭氧浓度的影响。在不同的道路和上游(电厂和加油站)排放条件下进行了4个敏感性实验。市区和内陆郊区的白天8h最大臭氧分别减少了3 ppb(5%)和4 ppb(5%)。即使在城市(挥发性有机化合物有限的地区)，臭氧水平也会降低，因为汽车和加油站的废气和蒸发性挥发性有机化合物排放得到了有效的减少(特别是汽油蒸发产生的烯烃；在形成臭氧时具有高度的活性)。在郊区(NOx限制区)，Bev变换对废气NOx的降低效果显著，而在城市，即使只采取蒸发措施，其对臭氧的降低效果也与Bev变换几乎相同。按月平均计算，由于Bev夜间充电导致的火力发电厂额外排放对次日白天臭氧的贡献微乎其微。然而，在某些日子，污染物储存在夜间稳定边界层的上部，并可能随着次日混合层的发展而影响地面臭氧。根据臭氧的敏感性区域(NOx或VOC受限)，来自农村(城市)发电厂的额外NOx烟羽往往会在第二天的臭氧中增加(减少)。然而，制度的分布在时间和空间上都发生了变化。H_2O_2/HNO_3比率被发现是区分区域边界的一个明确指标，并且在预测电厂额外排放的正或负O_3敏感性方面是有效的。
A regional meteorology–chemistry model was used to assess the effects of passenger car conversion to battery electric vehicles (BEV) on summer O3 concentrations in Kanto (Japan’s most populous region). Four sensitivity experiments were conducted on different on-road and upstream (power plant and gas station) emission conditions. Daytime 8-h maximum O3 decreased by 3 ppb (5%) and 4 ppb (5%) in urban and inland suburbs, respectively. O3 levels decreased even in urban (VOC-limited regions) because exhaust and evaporative VOC emissions from vehicle and gas stations were reduced effectively (especially alkenes from gasoline evaporation; highly reactive in O3 formation). In the suburbs (NOx-limited regions), reduction of exhaust NOx by BEV shifting was significant, but in urban, even only evaporation measures induced almost the same O3 reduction effect as BEV shifting. The additional emissions from thermal power plants due to BEV night charging contributed little to the next day’s daytime O3 on a monthly average basis. However, on some days, pollutants were stored in the upper part of the stable nighttime boundary layer and could affect the surface O3 as the next day’s mixed layer development. Depending on the O3 sensitivity regime (NOx- or VOC-limited), additional NOx plumes from rural (urban) power plants tended to increase (decrease) the next day’s O3. However, the distribution of the regime changes temporally and spatially. The H2O2/HNO3 ratio was discovered to be a clear indicator for distinguishing regime boundaries and was effective in predicting positive or negative O3 sensitivity to the additional emissions from power plants.