Decentralisation and the Changing Geographies of Political Marginalisation in Kerala

Decentralisation and the Changing Geographies of Political Marginalisation in Kerala
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喀拉拉邦的权力下放和政治边缘化的地理分布变化

DOI:
10.1068/a45218
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Economy and Space
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Williams G
Williams G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Williams G

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通过民主分权的体制改革,人们经常声称国家“移动”到人民身边的好处之一是改善了政治边缘化群体的包容性。权力下放有望使政府中心的实际存在更加密切,并使基层代表的做法正规化。预计这些变化反过来将为历史上被边缘化的群体提供机会,以提高其结社能力,并获得作为享有权利的公民的承认。这一想法是通过审查喀拉拉邦,其中有一个最彻底的方案,在印度的民主权力下放的经验。权力下放确实提供了与地方政府接触的新途径。然而,试图将国家“重新调整”到地方一级,也重塑了现有的代表性,政治话语和日常国家实践的制度渠道,从而产生了新的排斥微观地理。本文强调了这些边缘化的日常经验对国家改革计划的重要性。它认为,如果忽视它们,权力下放就有可能重现狭隘的多数主义地方主义形式,其有助于建立实质性民主的潜力也将丧失。
One of the benefits often claimed for ‘moving’ the state closer to people through the institutional reforms of democratic decentralisation is an improvement in the inclusion of politically marginalised groups. Decentralisation promises to deliver both the closer physical presence of centres of government and the formalisation of practices of representation at the grassroots. These changes in turn are expected to provide opportunities for historically marginalised groups to improve their associational capacities, and to gain recognition as rights-bearing citizens. This idea is examined through the experience of Kerala, which has one of the most thorough programmes of democratic decentralisation within India. Decentralisation has indeed provided new pathways to engage with local government. However, attempts to ‘rescale’ the state to the local level have also reshaped existing institutional channels for representation, political discourses, and everyday state practices, in ways which produce new microgeographies of exclusion. This paper highlights the importance of these everyday experiences of marginalisation for programmes of state reform. It argues that if they are ignored, decentralisation risks reproducing narrow forms of majoritarian localism, and its potential to contribute to building substantive democracy will be lost.
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