Dynamics of nasal chemesthesis.
Dynamics of nasal chemesthesis.
复制标题
鼻化学作用的动力学。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03912.x
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wysocki,CharlesJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wise,PaulM;Zhao,Kai;Wysocki,CharlesJ
动力学，或刺激如何随着时间的推移发生，影响挥发性化学物质的体感影响。在一次实验中，感觉会在几秒到几分钟内稳定地呈现，可能会达到一个平台，然后可能会消失。长期的职业暴露可以使三叉神经系统脱敏。短期和长期动力学可能由不同的机制介导。对于短暂的鼻内暴露（即，高达约10秒），研究已经系统地操纵时间（暴露持续时间）和浓度以保持固定的感知强度或固定的检测水平。一个简单的质量积分模型很好地描述了浓度和时间之间的权衡：持续时间的固定比例增加补偿了浓度的固定比例减少。然而，对于大多数化合物，需要增加两倍以上的持续时间才能补偿浓度减半。例如，对于乙醇，需要增加约六倍的持续时间。对于这种表现出高度不完美整合的化合物，当呈现超过0.2秒时，固定数量的分子可能比呈现超过0.5秒时具有更大的感官影响。与嗅觉相比，鼻化学感觉可能暂时迟缓，但细粒度的动力学仍然很重要。从动态刺激的鼻刺激的时间强度评级也支持这一结论。虽然整合通常是不完美的，但复合交易在距离完美的时间集中交易的距离上有很大的差异。目前的研究使用结构-活性方法来确定分子参数如何与化合物随时间整合的程度相关。
Dynamics, or how stimulation occurs over time, influences the somatosensory impact of volatile chemicals. Within an experimental session, sensation waxes with steady presentation over seconds to minutes, may reach a plateau, and then may fade. Long‐term occupational exposure can desensitize the trigeminal system. Short‐ and long‐term dynamics might be mediated by different mechanisms. For brief intranasal exposures (i.e., up to about 10 seconds), studies have systematically manipulated both time (duration of exposure) and concentration to maintain a fixed perceived intensity or a fixed level of detection. A simple mass integration model describes the trade‐off between concentration and time quite well: a fixed‐ratio increase in duration compensates for a fixed‐ratio decrease in concentration. However, for most compounds, more than a two‐fold increase in duration are required to compensate for cutting concentration in half. For example, for ethanol, an increase in duration of about six‐fold are required. For such compounds that display highly imperfect integration, a fixed number of molecules might have a much greater sensory impact when presented over 0.2 seconds than over 0.5 seconds. Nasal chemesthesis may be temporally sluggish compared to olfaction, but fine‐grained dynamics still matter. Time–intensity ratings of nasal irritation from dynamic stimuli also support this conclusion. Although integration is generally imperfect, compounds vary widely in how far they fall short of perfect time–concentration trading. Current studies use a structure–activity approach to determine how molecular parameters correlate with how well a compound integrates over time.
DOI：
10.1001/archotol.1959.00730040046007
发表时间：
1959
期刊：
A.M.A. archives of otolaryngology
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. M. Lipsett
通讯作者：
E. M. Lipsett
DOI：
10.1001/archotol.1989.01860340060018
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Kridel;R. Konior;K. Shumrick;William K. Wright
通讯作者：
William K. Wright
DOI：
10.1001/archotol.1957.03830200039005
发表时间：
1957
期刊：
A.M.A. archives of otolaryngology
影响因子：
--
作者：
I. B. Goldman
通讯作者：
I. B. Goldman