Contributions of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Gastroenterological Practice: MRIs for GIs
Contributions of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Gastroenterological Practice: MRIs for GIs
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DOI：
10.1007/s10620-018-4991-x
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Guglielmo, Flavius F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roth, Christopher G.;Halegoua-De Marzio, Dina;Guglielmo, Flavius F.
在过去的四十年中，MRI已经从理论研究领域转变为主流临床医学，并已成为胃肠病学（GI）实践中诊断工具箱的核心组成部分。它的成功归功于精细的造影剂和通过使用不同脉冲序列（即t1加权、t2加权、弥散加权）分离特定质子种类的能力，以及利用细胞外和肝胆造影剂。因此，MRI在肝脏和胰腺病变评估和检测、肝移植评估、胰腺炎评估、克罗恩病评估（利用MR肠造影）、直肠癌分期和肛周瘘评估等胃肠道临床应用中取得了突出地位。磁共振弹性成像与技术创新相结合，允许脂肪和铁的量化，为慢性肝病的诊断和管理提供了一种无创方法，或称为“MRI虚拟肝活检”。在未来，超高场磁共振系统（7t）的到来，以及在腹部进行磁共振波谱的能力，有望对慢性肝病进行更深入的诊断。
MRI has transformed from the theoretical, investigative realm to mainstream clinical medicine over the past four decades and has become a core component of the diagnostic toolbox in the practice of gastroenterology (GI). Its success is attributable to exquisite contrast and the ability to isolate specific proton species through the use of different pulse sequences (i.e., T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted) and exploiting extracellular and hepatobiliary contrast agents. Consequently, MRI has gained preeminence in various GI clinical applications: liver and pancreatic lesion evaluation and detection, liver transplantation evaluation, pancreatitis evaluation, Crohn's disease evaluation (using MR enterography) rectal cancer staging and perianal fistula evaluation. MR elastography, in concert with technical innovations allowing for fat and iron quantification, provides a noninvasive approach, or "MRI virtual liver biopsy" for diagnosis and management of chronic liver diseases. In the future, the arrival of ultra-high-field MR systems (7 T) and the ability to perform magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the abdomen promise even greater diagnostic insight into chronic liver disease.