False Vacuum Decay Catalyzed by Black Holes
False Vacuum Decay Catalyzed by Black Holes
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.96.103514
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
K. Mukaida;Masaki Yamada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Mukaida;Masaki Yamada
在量子场论中，假真空态是亚稳态的，而真真空气泡可以由于量子隧道效应而成核。最近有人提出，蒸发黑洞(BH)可以作为气泡成核的催化剂，并显著缩短假真空的寿命。特别是，在标准模型的背景下，在一定的能量尺度下，即使是单个蒸发的黑洞也可能会导致我们的弱电真空的衰变，从而破坏成功的宇宙学。在这篇文章中，我们重新解释了BHS的催化真空衰变，利用BH周围的薄壁气泡的有效作用来阐明反弹解的含义。我们在平坦时空的极限和对度规的可忽略的反向反应的极限下计算了反弹解，其中更容易理解物理意义，并将这些结果与文献中所做的完整计算进行了比较。因此，我们给出了增强因子的物理解释：它只不过是产生有限能量态的概率。这清楚地表明，所有其他状态，如等离子体，也应该通过相同的机制产生，并要求对隧穿速率进行有限密度校正，这往往会稳定假真空。我们还阐明，在对所有可能的剩余BH质量或气泡能量求和后，主导过程总是与BH Hawking温度所指示的周期一致，尽管如先前文献中所提到的，作为剩余BH的函数的每个反弹解的周期可能与系统的逆温度完全不同。
False vacuum states are metastable in quantum field theories, and true vacuum bubbles can be nucleated due to the quantum tunneling effect. It was recently suggested that an evaporating black hole (BH) can be a catalyst of bubble nucleations and dramatically shortens the lifetime of the false vacuum. In particular, in the context of the Standard Model valid up to a certain energy scale, even a single evaporating BH may spoil the successful cosmology by inducing the decay of our electroweak vacuum. In this paper, we reinterpret catalyzed vacuum decay by BHs, using an effective action for a thin-wall bubble around a BH to clarify the meaning of bounce solutions. We calculate bounce solutions in the limit of a flat spacetime and in the limit of negligible backreaction to the metric, where it is much easier to understand the physical meaning, and compare these results with the full calculations done in the literature. As a result, we give a physical interpretation of the enhancement factor: it is nothing but the probability of producing states with a finite energy. This makes it clear that all the other states such as plasma should also be generated through the same mechanism, and calls for finite density corrections to the tunneling rate, which tend to stabilize the false vacuum. We also clarify that the dominant process is always consistent with the periodicity indicated by the BH Hawking temperature after summing over all possible remnant BH masses or bubble energies, although the periodicity of each bounce solution as a function of a remnant BH can be completely different from the inverse temperature of the system, as mentioned in the previous literature.