Silicon anodes protected by a nitrogen-doped porous carbon shell for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Silicon anodes protected by a nitrogen-doped porous carbon shell for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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DOI：
10.1039/c7nr01545c
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Jinhui Zhu;Jun Yang;Zhixin Xu;Jiulin Wang;Yanna Nuli;Xiaodong Zhuang;Xinliang Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jinhui Zhu;Jun Yang;Zhixin Xu;Jiulin Wang;Yanna Nuli;Xiaodong Zhuang;Xinliang Feng
硅（Si）阳极是高能锂离子电池（LIB）最有前途的候选者之一，引起了学术界和工业界的极大关注。然而，Si阳极在锂化和脱锂过程中通常具有固有的低电导率和极大的体积变化，因此表现出较差的倍率性能和较差的循环寿命。在本文中，我们报告了新的多孔聚合物衍生的碳包覆硅纳米颗粒（NP）作为下一代LIB的阳极，以克服这些严重的问题。具体而言，多孔共价三嗪骨架（CTF）聚合物壳是通过在熔融氯化锌中原位三聚对苯二腈合成。高温退火后，制备出核壳结构的Si/N掺杂多孔碳（Si@NPC）球。作为LIB的阳极，Si@NPC在0.5 A g-1下提供1390 mA h g-1的高容量、稳定的循环性能（在1 A g-1下200次循环的107%容量保持率）以及在16 A g-1下高达约420 mA h g-1的优异倍率性能。这种令人兴奋的性能可以归因于超稳定、高导电、N掺杂和多孔碳壳。这项工作不仅为硅基阳极的大体积变化提供了一种新的解决方案，而且还能够合成用于能量存储和转换的多孔聚合物基核-壳结构。
Silicon (Si) anodes, which are among the most promising candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have attracted considerable attention from both academic and industrial communities. However, Si anodes usually suffer from an inherently low conductivity and extremely large volume change during the lithiation and delithiation processes, and consequently exhibit an inferior rate capability and poor cycle life. In this paper, we report new porous polymer-derived carbon coated Si nanoparticles (NPs) as the next generation anodes for LIBs to overcome these serious problems. Specifically, a porous covalent triazine framework (CTF) polymer shell was synthesized by in situ trimerization of p-benzenedinitrile in molten ZnCl2. Then, core-shell structured Si/nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Si@NPC) spheres were easily produced after high-temperature annealing. As an anode for LIBs, Si@NPC delivers a high capacity of 1390 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, stable cycle performance (107% capacity retention at 1 A g-1 for 200 cycles), and excellent rate capability of up to approximately 420 mA h g-1 at 16 A g-1. Such an exciting performance can be attributed to the ultra-stable, highly conductive, N-doped, and porous carbon shell. This work not only offers a new solution to the large volume change of Si-based anodes, but also enables the synthesis of porous polymer-based core-shell structures for energy storage and conversion.