Neurotoxicity of metals.
Neurotoxicity of metals.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-62627-1.00011-1
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aschner, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caito, Samuel;Aschner, Michael
金属经常用于工业，是工人接触毒素的主要来源。出于这个原因，政府机构规定了工人安全所允许的金属暴露量。虽然必需金属发挥生理作用，但金属在急性和慢性暴露于高水平时会对健康造成重大风险。中枢神经系统特别容易受到金属的伤害。大脑容易积累金属，在生理条件下，这些金属被纳入神经元健康和能量稳态所需的必需金属蛋白。过量的必需金属或接触有毒的非必需金属可能会导致严重的后果。在此，我们讨论了职业性金属暴露的来源，人体内的金属稳态，神经系统对金属的敏感性，解毒，生物样品中金属的检测和螯合治疗策略。铝、砷、铅、锰、汞和三甲基锡暴露后的神经病理学和生理学被强调为金属诱导的神经毒性的典型例子。
Metals are frequently used in industry and represent a major source of toxin exposure for workers. For this reason governmental agencies regulate the amount of metal exposure permissible for worker safety. While essential metals serve physiologic roles, metals pose significant health risks upon acute and chronic exposure to high levels. The central nervous system is particularly vulnerable to metals. The brain readily accumulates metals, which under physiologic conditions are incorporated into essential metalloproteins required for neuronal health and energy homeostasis. Severe consequences can arise from circumstances of excess essential metals or exposure to toxic nonessential metal. Herein, we discuss sources of occupational metal exposure, metal homeostasis in the human body, susceptibility of the nervous system to metals, detoxification, detection of metals in biologic samples, and chelation therapeutic strategies. The neurologic pathology and physiology following aluminum, arsenic, lead, manganese, mercury, and trimethyltin exposures are highlighted as classic examples of metal-induced neurotoxicity.