Reward modulates attention independently of action value in posterior parietal cortex.
Reward modulates attention independently of action value in posterior parietal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1929-09.2009
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发表时间：
2009-09-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gottlieb J
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文献类型：
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作者：
Peck CJ;Jangraw DC;Suzuki M;Efem R;Gottlieb J
虽然许多研究探索了基于奖励的决定的机制(基于预期收益的行动选择)，但很少有人询问奖励如何影响注意力(与决策相关的信息的选择)。在这里，我们表明，注意力优先的一个强有力的决定因素是刺激和欲望奖励之间的联系。外围线索预示着奖赏的传递(RC+)或不奖赏(RC−)；为了体验预测的结果，猴子对出现在与线索相同或相反位置的不可预测的目标进行了扫视。虽然RC没有操作关联(没有指定所需的扫视)，但它们自动偏向注意力，使得RC+吸引注意力，RC−从其位置排斥注意力。顶叶外侧区(LIP)的神经元编码这些注意偏向，在RC+的位置维持持续的兴奋，在RC−的位置维持抑制。与嘴唇编码动作值的假设相反，神经元并不编码眼跳的预期回报。此外，提示诱发的偏见是不适应的，干扰了所需的扫视，而且随着训练，它们的偏见增加了，而不是减少了，这与适应性决策过程惊人地冲突。长时间训练后，效价选择性出现的潜伏期较短，并自动转移到新的任务情境中，这表明训练产生了视觉可塑性。结果表明，奖赏预测者无论其操作关联如何，都会自动获得注意优先级，并且这种价态特定的优先级独立于行为的预期奖赏而编码在LIP中。
While numerous studies explored the mechanisms of reward-based decisions (the choice of action based on expected gain), few asked how reward influences attention (the selection of information relevant for a decision). Here we show that a powerful determinant of attentional priority is the association between a stimulus and an appetitive reward. A peripheral cue heralded the delivery of reward (RC+) or no reward (RC−); to experience the predicted outcome monkeys made a saccade to a target that appeared unpredictably at the same or opposite location relative to the cue. Although the RC had no operant associations (did not specify the required saccade) they automatically biased attention, such that the RC+ attracted attention and RC− repelled attention from their location. Neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) encoded these attentional biases, maintaining sustained excitation at the location of an RC+ and inhibition at the location of an RC−. Contrary to the hypothesis that LIP encodes action value, neurons did not encode the expected reward of the saccade. Moreover, the cue-evoked biases were maladaptive, interfering with the required saccade, and they biases increased rather than abating with training, strikingly at odds with an adaptive decision process. After prolonged training valence selectivity appeared at shorter latencies and automatically transferred to a novel task context, suggesting that training produced visual plasticity. The results suggest that reward predictors gain automatic attentional priority regardless of their operant associations, and this valence-specific priority is encoded in LIP independently of the expected reward of an action.