Algal bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater, treatment plant receiving stream
Algal bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater, treatment plant receiving stream
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.027
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Venables, Barney J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coogan, Melinda A.;Edziyie, Regina E.;Venables, Barney J.
藻类构成了水生环境中最丰富的植物生物量，是水生毒理学研究的合理选择，但在这一能力方面一直没有得到充分利用。许多藻类的脂质含量为亲脂性有机污染物的营养转移提供了一个入口点。三氯生(TCS)和三氯卡班(TCC)是广泛使用的抗菌剂，广泛存在于许多消费品中，但在污水处理厂(WWTP)处理过程中被不完全去除。甲基三氯生(M-TCS)是TCS的一种代谢物，比母体化合物更亲油。这项研究的重点是量化TCS、M-TCS和TCC在Pecan Creek的藻类生物积累因子(BAFs)，Pecan Creek是德克萨斯州丹顿市污水处理厂的接收流。现场鉴定了该复杂藻类隔室，并经实验室显微镜描述证实，其主要由丝状藻类(Cladadhora spp.)以及不同程度的附生硅藻和生物膜。采集了污水处理厂排污口、一个上游站点和两个下游站点的藻类和水柱样本，并对TCS和M-TCS进行了同位素稀释气相色谱/质谱仪(GC/MS)分析，对TCC进行了液质联用(LC/MS)分析。从污水处理厂及其下游采集的山核桃溪水样中的TCS、M-TCS和TCC处于50-200 ng L(-1)的低ppt浓度，而从这些站采集的藻类中的新鲜重量则被提高到50-400 ng g(-1)的低ppb浓度。由此产生的BAFs大约是三个数量级。TCS、M-TCS和TCC是评价污水处理厂痕量污染物环境分布的良好候选标志物。对通常出现在污水处理厂排污口以下的接收溪流中的丝状藻类的残留物分析是这些痕量污染物相对生物累积潜力的一个容易获得的指标。(C)2006爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Algae comprise the greatest abundance of plant biomass in aquatic environments and are a logical choice for aquatic toxicological studies, yet have been underutilized in this capacity. The lipid content of many algal species provides a point of entry for trophic transfer of lipophilic organic contaminants. Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), widely used antimicrobial agents found in numerous consumer products, are incompletely removed by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processing. Methyl-triclosan (M-TCS) is a metabolite of TCS more lipophilic than the parent compound. The focus of this study was to quantify algal bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for TCS, M-TCS, and TCC in Pecan Creek, the receiving stream for the City of Denton, Texas WWTP. The complex algal compartment was field identified for collection and verified by laboratory microscopic description as being comprised of mostly filamentous algae (Cladophora spp.) and varying inconsequential levels of epiphytic diatoms and biofilm. Algae and water column samples were collected from the WWTP outfall, an upstream site, and two downstream sites and analysed by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for TCS and M-TCS and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for TCC. TCS, M-TCS, and TCC in Pecan Creek water samples taken at and downstream from the WWTP were at low ppt concentrations of 50-200 ng l(-1) and were elevated to low ppb concentrations of 50-400 ng g(-1) fresh weight in algae collected from these stations. The resulting BAFs were approximately three orders of magnitude. TCS, M-TCS and TCC appear to be good candidate marker compounds for evaluation of environmental distribution of trace WWTP contaminants. Residue analysis of filamentous algal species typically occurring in receiving streams below WWTP discharges is a readily obtained indicator of the relative bioaccumulative potential of these trace contaminants. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.