Planned resettlement, unexpected migrations and cultural trauma in Laos
Planned resettlement, unexpected migrations and cultural trauma in Laos
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7660.2004.00387.x
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Goudineau, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evrard, O;Goudineau, Y
虽然老挝政府没有正式将少数民族安置视为一项“政策”，但少数民族安置已成为老挝农村发展战略的一个中心特征。在过去十年中，大多数高地村庄已被重新安置到山下，地方行政当局正计划在未来几年内将其余村庄迁移。本文借鉴了一项由联合国教科文组织委托并由联合国开发计划署资助的关于老挝移民安置的全国调查。它侧重于这些巨大的人口转移的后果，并在其背后的社会和文化动态。它表明，计划移民，这是为了促进'定居'的高原人口，通过执行禁止刀耕火种农业和鸦片种植，实际上导致增加和多样化的农村流动。这反过来又使农村发展政策的执行和族裔间关系的政治管理复杂化。换句话说，国家推动的“定居”进程，由于其广泛和往往是悲惨的社会后果，可能自相矛盾地产生无计划或意外的进一步移徙，这可称为“定居引起的流动形式”。
Though not officially considered a 'policy' by the Lao government, resettlement of ethnic minorities has become a central feature of the rural development strategy in Laos. Over the past ten years, a majority of highland villages have been resettled downhill, and the local administrations are planning to move the remaining villages in the coming years. This article draws on a national survey about resettlement in Laos, commissioned by UNESCO and financed by UNDP, that was undertaken by the authors. It focuses on the consequences of these huge shifts of population and on the social and cultural dynamics that underlie them. It shows that the planned resettlements, which are intended to promote the 'settling' of the highland populations by enforcing the ban on slash-and-burn agriculture and opium growing, actually cause increased and diversified rural mobility. This in turn complicates the implementation of the rural development policy and the political management of interethnic relationships. In other words, the 'settling' process promoted by the State, because of its broad and often tragic social consequences, can paradoxically generate unplanned or unexpected further migrations, which could be called 'resettlement-induced forms of mobility'.