Indebted Demand

Indebted Demand
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负债需求

DOI:
10.1093/qje/qjab007
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The Quarterly Journal of Economics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sufi, Amir
Sufi, Amir
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mian, Atif;Straub, Ludwig;Sufi, Amir

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我们提出了一个负债需求理论,其观点是,巨额债务负担降低了总需求,从而降低了自然利率。该理论的核心是一个简单但未得到充分重视的观察,即借款人和储蓄者在从永久收入中储蓄的边际倾向上存在差异。将这一观点嵌入到两个代理人的永久青年模型中,我们发现,最近收入不平等和金融放松管制的趋势导致负债的家庭需求,推低自然利率。此外,流行的扩张性政策--比如扩张性货币政策--以牺牲未来的负债需求为代价,创造了债务融资的短期繁荣。当需求充分负债时,经济就会陷入债务驱动的流动性陷阱或债务陷阱。摆脱债务陷阱需要考虑不那么传统的宏观经济政策,例如侧重于再分配的政策或减少高度不平等的结构性根源的政策。
We propose a theory of indebted demand, capturing the idea that large debt burdens lower aggregate demand, and thus the natural rate of interest. At the core of the theory is the simple yet underappreciated observation that borrowers and savers differ in their marginal propensities to save out of permanent income. Embedding this insight in a two-agent perpetual-youth model, we find that recent trends in income inequality and financial deregulation lead to indebted household demand, pushing down the natural rate of interest. Moreover, popular expansionary policies—such as accommodative monetary policy—generate a debt-financed short-run boom at the expense of indebted demand in the future. When demand is sufficiently indebted, the economy gets stuck in a debt-driven liquidity trap, or debt trap. Escaping a debt trap requires consideration of less conventional macroeconomic policies, such as those focused on redistribution or those reducing the structural sources of high inequality.
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