Nucleation, growth, and linkage of faults in oblique rift zones: Results from experimental clay models and implications for maximum fault size
Nucleation, growth, and linkage of faults in oblique rift zones: Results from experimental clay models and implications for maximum fault size
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斜裂谷带断层的成核、生长和连接：实验粘土模型的结果以及对最大断层尺寸的影响
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发表时间：
2001
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Schlische
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Clifton;R. Schlische
我们使用比例粘土模型来研究中倾斜（a5 608）和大倾斜（a5 308）分布伸展实验中断层群的时间演化，其中a是裂谷轴与位移方向之间的角度。断层以随机异质性成核，增强了新断层的弥散簇的成核。在高倾斜模型中，位移正断层簇形成平行阵列，导致断层生长以尖端传播和沿走向连接为主，直到达到最大长度。裂谷-近平行断层的后续生长导致了以分支断层的连接和形成为特征的生长阶段。在适度倾斜的模型中，簇形成阶梯几何形状，导致以连锁为主的增长。与高倾斜模型相比，断层成核和生长更快，且其生长受到的限制更小。我们的结果对倾斜裂谷环境中预期的最大地震规模有影响。
We use scaled clay models to study the temporal evolution of fault populations in experiments of moderately oblique ( a5 608) and highly oblique ( a5 308) distributed extension, where a is the angle between the rift axis and the direction of displacement. Faults nucleate at random heterogeneities, enhancing nucleation of diffuse clusters of new faults. In the highly oblique model, clusters of displacement-normal faults form parallel arrays, leading to fault growth dominated by tip propagation and along-strike linkage until maximum length is achieved. Subsequent growth of rift-subparallel faults leads to a phase of growth characterized by linkage and formation of branching faults. In the moderately oblique model, clusters form in a stepping geometry, leading to growth dominated by linkage. Faults nucleate and grow more rapidly, and their growth is less restricted than in the highly oblique model. Our results have implications for the maximum size earthquake to be expected in an oblique rift setting.