Computational Neuroendocrinology
Computational Neuroendocrinology
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计算神经内分泌学
DOI：
10.1002/9781119159438.ch8
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Terry J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Terry J
我们的身体处于永久的动态平衡挑战状态，内部机制试图在面对外部环境和复杂的内部生理需求的变化时保持持续的“环境”。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴是维持生化和生理平衡最重要的系统之一。这需要是一个高度反应的系统，能够非常迅速地对任何挑战做出反应，因此不能屈服于下调调节和丧失反应性的生理机制。它不是通过保持稳定的状态来实现这一点，而是通过不断保持活动的波动水平来实现这一点。这种动态的灵活性来自于垂体前叶和肾上腺之间的前馈-反馈作用，这种作用导致肾上腺皮质激素和糖皮质激素的动态变化，并受到下丘脑刺激水平的调节。
Our body is in a permanent state of homeostatic challenge, with internal mechanisms seeking to maintain a constant “milieu intérieur” in the face of changes both from the external environment and the complex needs of internal physiology. One of the most important systems for the maintenance of biochemical and physiological balance is the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. This needs to be a highly reactive system that can respond very rapidly to any challenge, and as such must not succumb to physiological mechanisms of down‐regulation and loss of responsiveness. It achieves this not through maintaining steady‐state conditions, but rather by constantly maintaining fluctuating levels of activity. This dynamic flexibility emerges from a feedforward‐feedback interaction between the anterior pituitary and the adrenal glands that results in dynamic changes in both adrenocorticotrophic and glucocorticoid hormones, modulated by the level of stimulation from the hypothalamus.