Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian disruption in modern aging societies.
Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian disruption in modern aging societies.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41514-017-0010-2
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Tsubota K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hatori M;Gronfier C;Van Gelder RN;Bernstein PS;Carreras J;Panda S;Marks F;Sliney D;Hunt CE;Hirota T;Furukawa T;Tsubota K
哺乳动物通过眼睛接收光信息，眼睛有两大功能：一是形成图像的视觉来观察物体，二是生理和行为对光的非形成图像的适应。锥状和杆状光感受器形成图像，并通过视网膜神经节细胞将信息发送到大脑进行图像重建。相比之下，非成像光反应变化很大，从瞳孔直径的调整到生物钟的适应。非图像形成反应是由表达光色素黑视素的视网膜神经节细胞介导的。在成年哺乳动物视网膜中，表达黑视素的细胞占视网膜神经节细胞的1-2%，它们本质上是光敏的，并整合来自视杆细胞和视锥细胞的光信息来控制非图像形成的适应。iprgc和黑视素光色素的作用光谱在480nm蓝光附近达到峰值。了解黑视素的功能可以让我们认识到蓝光的可观生理效应，这在使用发光二极管的现代社会中越来越重要。在包括衰老在内的许多情况下都观察到昼夜节律失调，并被认为与年龄相关疾病的发展有关，如抑郁症、糖尿病、高血压、肥胖和癌症。因此，通过适当的照明来适当调节昼夜节律是必不可少的。这一观点介绍了过量蓝光通过昼夜节律紊乱和睡眠剥夺对人类健康的潜在风险。了解了积极和消极的方面，这项研究声称，根据生物钟的概念，在白天的最佳时间和强度下暴露在光线下的重要性，最终提高生活质量，拥有健康和长寿。
Mammals receive light information through the eyes, which perform two major functions: image forming vision to see objects and non-image forming adaptation of physiology and behavior to light. Cone and rod photoreceptors form images and send the information via retinal ganglion cells to the brain for image reconstruction. In contrast, nonimage-forming photoresponses vary widely from adjustment of pupil diameter to adaptation of the circadian clock. nonimage-forming responses are mediated by retinal ganglion cells expressing the photopigment melanopsin. Melanopsin-expressing cells constitute 1–2% of retinal ganglion cells in the adult mammalian retina, are intrinsically photosensitive, and integrate photic information from rods and cones to control nonimage-forming adaptation. Action spectra of ipRGCs and of melanopsin photopigment peak around 480 nm blue light. Understanding melanopsin function lets us recognize considerable physiological effects of blue light, which is increasingly important in our modern society that uses light-emitting diode. Misalignment of circadian rhythmicity is observed in numerous conditions, including aging, and is thought to be involved in the development of age-related disorders, such as depression, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer. The appropriate regulation of circadian rhythmicity by proper lighting is therefore essential. This perspective introduces the potential risks of excessive blue light for human health through circadian rhythm disruption and sleep deprivation. Knowing the positive and negative aspects, this study claims the importance of being exposed to light at optimal times and intensities during the day, based on the concept of the circadian clock, ultimately to improve quality of life to have a healthy and longer life.