Global climate forcing of aerosols embodied in international trade
Global climate forcing of aerosols embodied in international trade
复制标题
国际贸易中气溶胶的全球气候强迫
DOI：
10.1038/ngeo2798
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Guan, Dabo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Jintai;Tong, Dan;Guan, Dabo
国际贸易将消费商品和服务的区域与生产商品和相关气溶胶污染的区域分开。然而，贸易在不同地区气溶胶气候强迫中的作用从未被量化。在这里，我们将与区域商品和服务消费相关的气溶胶的直接辐射强迫与每个区域产生的排放造成的强迫进行对比。评估的气溶胶包括黑碳、初级有机气溶胶和次级无机气溶胶，包括硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵。我们发现，全球气溶胶辐射强迫，由于在东亚产生的排放是强得多的强迫相关的商品和服务，最终消费在该地区，因为其大量的净出口的排放密集型商品。西欧和北美等净进口国的情况正好相反：与消费有关的全球辐射强迫远远大于这些地区产生的排放所造成的强迫。总的来说，贸易与辐射强迫从净进口地区向净出口地区的转移有关。与二氧化碳等温室气体相比，气溶胶在大气中的寿命较短，造成与消费和生产有关的辐射强迫之间存在很大的局部差异。减少出口国排放的国际努力将有助于减轻气溶胶对贸易相关气候和健康的影响，同时降低全球排放。
International trade separates regions consuming goods and services from regions where goods and related aerosol pollution are produced. Yet the role of trade in aerosol climate forcing attributed to different regions has never been quantified. Here, we contrast the direct radiative forcing of aerosols related to regions’ consumption of goods and services against the forcing due to emissions produced in each region. Aerosols assessed include black carbon, primary organic aerosol, and secondary inorganic aerosols, including sulfate, nitrate and ammonium. We find that global aerosol radiative forcing due to emissions produced in East Asia is much stronger than the forcing related to goods and services ultimately consumed in that region because of its large net export of emissions-intensive goods. The opposite is true for net importers such as Western Europe and North America: global radiative forcing related to consumption is much greater than the forcing due to emissions produced in these regions. Overall, trade is associated with a shift of radiative forcing from net importing to net exporting regions. Compared to greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, the short atmospheric lifetimes of aerosols cause large localized differences between consumption- and production-related radiative forcing. International efforts to reduce emissions in the exporting countries will help alleviate trade-related climate and health impacts of aerosols while lowering global emissions.