Impacts of Free Trade Agreements on Business Activity in Asia: The Case of Japan
Impacts of Free Trade Agreements on Business Activity in Asia: The Case of Japan
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自由贸易协定对亚洲商业活动的影响：以日本为例
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ikumo Isono
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daisuke Hirastuka;Hitoshi Sato;Ikumo Isono
近年来，自由贸易协定（FTA）在东亚激增。截至2008年12月，8个双边自由贸易协定和1个涉及日本的诸边自由贸易协定已生效；正在与另外几个国家进行更多谈判。日本和其他亚洲国家自由贸易协定的激增被认为是原产地规则重叠（ROO）问题或“意大利面条碗”效应背后的原因。有效实施自由贸易协定对日本企业来说正成为一个日益紧迫的问题，因为日本企业已向海外扩张，特别是进入亚洲其他地区，这有助于在东亚形成生产网络。关于自由贸易协定影响的事前研究有很多，他们假设任何企业都可以通过利用自由贸易协定优惠关税来实现利润最大化，而无需任何额外成本。但实际上，自由贸易协定需要原产地证书，这给企业带来了额外的管理成本。企业是否真正使用自由贸易协定值得怀疑，因为自由贸易协定不是强制性的。考虑到这一点，本研究调查了东亚自由贸易协定如何影响日本企业（包括其在海外经营的子公司）的行为。我们的研究得出的结论是，目前自由贸易协定既不为日本企业所熟知，也未被充分利用。利用率低的原因有多种。企业要么不完全理解，要么不了解现有的自由贸易协定。有一些贸易安排是完全免除关税的，例如信息技术协议和泰国投资委员会法规定的关税特别豁免。逐步取消关税削减计划（即在几年内逐步降低关税）阻碍了自由贸易协定的使用。此外，准备原产地证书文件的管理工作也很繁琐。因此，一般来说，中小企业不能利用自由贸易协定，这意味着它们在利用自由贸易协定时会受到惩罚。日本企业只利用少数与大型经济伙伴签订的自由贸易协定。双边自由贸易协定并不比诸边自由贸易协定更有利，特别是在生产网络已经发达的东亚。 JEL 分类：F13、F14 和 N75 ADBI 工作论文 143 Hiratsuka、Sato 和 Isono
Free trade agreements (FTAs) have proliferated in East Asia in recent years. As of December 2008, eight bilateral FTAs and one plurilateral FTA involving Japan have entered into force; additional negotiations are ongoing with several more countries. The proliferation of FTAs in Japan and other Asian countries is thought to be behind the perceived overlapping rules of origin (ROO) problem, or "spaghetti bowl" effect. Effective implementation of FTAs is becoming an increasingly pressing issue for Japanese firms because Japanese firms have expanded overseas, particularly into the rest of Asia, which has contributed to the formation of production networks in East Asia. There have been numerous ex ante studies on the impacts of FTAs in which they assumed that any firm can maximize profits by utilizing FTA preferential tariffs without any additional costs. In reality, however, FTAs require certificates of origin, which impose additional administrative costs on firms. It is doubtful whether firms really use FTAs because FTAs are not compulsory. With this in mind, this study investigates how East Asian FTAs have affected the behavior of Japanese firms, including their affiliates operating overseas. Our study concluded that presently FTAs are neither well known nor well utilized by Japanese firms. There are several reasons for low utilization. Firms either do not fully understand or are not knowledgeable about the existing FTAs. There are some trade arrangements from which tariffs are completely exempted, such as the Information Technology Agreement and the special exemption of tariffs under Thailand's Board of Investment laws. Phase-out tariff reduction schedules, in which tariffs are gradually reduced over several years, discourage FTA use. Furthermore, the administration to prepare documents for certificates of origin is cumbersome. As a result, in general, smalland medium-sized enterprises cannot use FTAs, meaning that they are penalized in utilizing FTAs. Only a few FTAs with large economic partners are utilized by Japanese firms. Bilateral FTAs are not more beneficial than plurilateral FTAs, in particular in East Asia where production networks have developed. JEL Classification: F13, F14 and N75 ADBI Working Paper 143 Hiratsuka, Sato, and Isono
论日本企业对自由贸易协定的利用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
RIETI Discussion Paper Series 08-E-002
影响因子：
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作者：
Hitomi;K. and Y. Nishiyama;Ling Qi;木宮 正史;宮本太郎(神野直彦と共著);高橋 克秀
通讯作者：
高橋 克秀