Oliver Heaviside and the Heaviside layer

Oliver Heaviside and the Heaviside layer
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奥利弗·赫维赛 (Oliver Heaviside) 和赫维赛层

DOI:
10.1098/rsta.2017.0459
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
H. Griffiths
H. Griffiths
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
H. Griffiths

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在1902年《大英百科全书》的一个条目中,奥利弗·希维赛德提出在高层大气中存在反射层,以解释古列尔莫·马可尼于1901年在第一次跨大西洋无线电传输中展示的超出视线范围的远距离无线电传播。大约在1910年,威廉·埃克尔斯为这一现象提出了“Heaviside层”的名称,这个名称随后被广泛采用和使用。本文描述了马可尼实验的基础,以及在希维赛德更广泛的工作背景下对结果的不同解释。它还描述了后来测量电离层高度的一些实验。本文是《庆祝奥利弗·希维赛德的电磁理论125周年》主题的一部分。
In an entry in the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1902, Oliver Heaviside had suggested the existence of a reflecting layer in the upper atmosphere to account for long range beyond line-of-sight radio propagation of the type demonstrated by Guglielmo Marconi in 1901, in the first transatlantic radio transmission. In about 1910, William Eccles proposed the name ‘Heaviside Layer’ for this phenomenon, and the name has subsequently been adopted and used quite widely. This paper describes the basis of Marconi's experiments and various interpretations of the results in the context of Heaviside's wider work. It also describes some later experiments to measure the height of the ionosphere. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.