Can conversion to organic farming restore the species composition of arable weed communities?
Can conversion to organic farming restore the species composition of arable weed communities?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.021
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hyvonen, Terho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hyvonen, Terho
与现代传统种植相比，有机种植对生物多样性的好处通常得到了证明。本研究通过比较现代有机种植与20世纪60年代现代种植措施刚开始实施时的杂草群落，探讨了有机种植恢复杂草群落物种组成的能力。利用芬兰1961-1964年和1997-1999年两次春季谷物杂草调查的数据进行比较。比较了41种杂草的发生频率和密度（植物m(-2)）。采用部分典型对应分析（pCCA）探讨了物种组成、管理变量和非管理变量之间的关系。与20世纪60年代相比，20世纪90年代有机农田中有8种出现频率较低，30种出现频率较高或相近。与20世纪60年代相比，有机农田中有18种密度较低，20种密度较高或相近。其中3种在有机农田中未检出。与20世纪60年代相比，作物和未播种的草更能解释20世纪90年代物种组成的变化。与90年代相比，60年代排水和作物前处理的作用更为重要。受益最直接的是受除草剂影响的嗜硝物种。多年生植物和非嗜硝物种的恢复需要较长的时间。结果表明，尽管有机耕作对生物多样性有一定的好处，但早期有机耕作不能使杂草数量恢复到集约种植措施实施前的水平。(C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Benefits of organic cropping for biodiversity have usually been demonstrated in relation to modern conventional cropping. In this study, the ability of organic cropping to restore species composition of weed communities was explored by comparing weed communities of present day organic cropping with weed communities at the beginning of the application of modern cropping measures in the 1960s. The data of two weed surveys of spring cereals (conducted in 1961-1964 and 1997-1999) in Finland were utilized for a comparison. Frequency of occurrence and density (plants m(-2)) of 41 weed species were compared between decades. Partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA) was applied to explore the relationship between species composition, management and non-management variables. Eight species had lower and 30 species higher or similar frequency of occurrence in the 1990s' organically cropped fields than in the fields of the 1960s. However, 18 species had lower and 20 species had higher or similar density in the organically cropped fields than in the fields of the 1960s. Three species were not detected at all in the organically cropped fields. Crop and under-sown grass explained more of the variation in species composition in the 1990s than in the 1960s. The role of drainage and pre-crop was more important in the 1960s than in the 1990s. The most immediate benefit was gained by nitrophilous species that had suffered from herbicide application. The recovery of perennials and non-nitrophilous species will take a longer time. The results suggest that despite some benefits for biodiversity, organic farming at early phase cannot recover weed populations to the same level as before application of intensive cropping measures. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.