Children's liking and wanting of foods vary over multiple bites/sips of consumption: A case study of foods containing wild blueberry powder in the amounts targeted to deliver bioactive phytonutrients for children.
Children's liking and wanting of foods vary over multiple bites/sips of consumption: A case study of foods containing wild blueberry powder in the amounts targeted to deliver bioactive phytonutrients for children.
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儿童对食物的喜好和需求因多次咬/啜而变化：对含有野生蓝莓粉的食品进行案例研究，其含量旨在为儿童提供生物活性植物营养素。
DOI：
10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108981
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pramudya,RagitaC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seo,Han-Seok;Adams,SeanH;Howard,LukeR;Brownmiller,Cindy;Hogan,Victoria;Chen,Jin-Ran;Pramudya,RagitaC
为了鼓励儿童经常食用野生蓝莓，将蓝莓粉加入特定的食物中可能是一种有效的策略。因此，重要的是要确定适当的食品类型，既要尽量减少食品加工引起的蓝莓有益成分（如花青素）的损失，又要同时满足营养和感官方面的需求。对于评估含有蓝莓的食物样本对健康的益处的临床研究，确保儿童食用测试样本的全部部分是很重要的。因此，这项研究旨在确定野生蓝莓类食物的感官接受度（喜欢）和心理奖励（想要）在自由食用的多个步骤中是如何变化的：外观、第一口/小口、半口/小口和完全食用。研究人员准备了五种不同类型的食物（燕麦条、饮料、冰棍、软糖和饼干）进行感官测试，并测量了总花青素和绿原酸的残留量，以确定这些植物化学物质的生物活性水平。结果显示，虽然五种样品在外观和第一口/小口阶段的总体喜好和欲望没有差异，但在消费结束时却存在显著差异。尽管与饮料、冰棍和/或冰棍样品相比，孩子们更喜欢和想要吃饼干，但饼干和冰棍样品中的总花青素含量低于野生蓝莓粉、饮料和冰棍样品。值得注意的是，含有大量总花青素和绿原酸的燕麦条与饼干在总体喜欢程度、吃的欲望和摄入量方面没有显著差异。总之，本研究表明，通过多口/小口随意食用食物的感官评估，以及有益化合物的测量，可以有效地为含野生蓝莓的食物的临床研究确定合适的载体。
To encourage children to frequently consume wild blueberries as part of their dietary patterns, incorporating blueberry powder into specific foods may be an effective strategy. Thus, it is important to determine appropriate types of food products that both minimize food processing-induced loss of beneficial components of blueberries (e.g., anthocyanins) and satisfy at the same time both nutritional and sensory aspects. For clinical studies assessing the health benefits of blueberry-containing food samples, it would be important to ensure children consume the entire portion of the test samples. This study, therefore, aimed at determining how sensory acceptability (liking) and psychological reward (wanting) of wild blueberry-based foods vary over multiple steps ofad libitumconsumption: appearance, first bite/sip, half bite/sip, and full consumption. Five different types of foods containing the targeted amount of wild blueberry powder were prepared for sensory testing (oatmeal bar, beverage, ice pop, gummy, and cookie), and the residual amounts of total anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid were measured to confirm levels targeted to deliver bioactive amounts of these phytochemicals. Results showed that while overall liking and desire to eat did not differ among the five samples at the appearance and first bite/sip steps, they differed significantly at the end of consumption. Although children liked and wanted to consume the cookies more when compared to beverages, ice pops, and/or gummies, total anthocyanin contents were lower in cookies and gummies than in wild blueberry powder, beverage, and ice pop samples. Notably, the oatmeal bars with significant amounts of total anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid did not significantly differ from the cookies with respect to overall liking, desire to eat, and the amount consumed. In conclusion, this study shows that sensory evaluation using multiple bites/sips ofad libitumfood consumption, along with a measurement of beneficial compounds, is efficient in determining appropriate vehicles for clinical studies of wild blueberry-containing foods.