On the Maxillary Nerve
On the Maxillary Nerve
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20193
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Kuratani, Shigeru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higashiyama, Hiroki;Kuratani, Shigeru
三叉神经是脊椎动物的第五脑神经，代表分配给咽弓的神经的吻侧成分。它由眼神经和上下颌神经组成，在有颌脊椎动物中，后者在背腹侧进一步分为两个主要分支。其中，背侧神经被称为上颌神经，因为它主要支配上颌，如人体解剖学所示。然而，在发育上，上颌不仅来自下颌弓的背侧部分，而且来自下颌前原基：下颌弓域吻侧的内侧鼻隆突。后一个组成部分形成了哺乳动物上颌的上颌前区。因此，有一个明显的差异之间的形态三叉神经支配的模式和发育衍生的gnathostome上颌。为了调和这一点，我们比较了胚胎发育模式的三叉神经在各种gnathostome物种。除了研究的双鼻种外，我们发现上颌神经发出一个分支（人类的鼻腭神经），支配内侧鼻突衍生物。由于三叉神经在圆口动物也具有类似的分支，我们的结论是，脊椎动物的上下颌神经最初有一个下颌前分支作为其背侧元素。这个分支的存在代表了有颚类的近形条件，暗示着它在某些谱系中的二次丧失。上颌突的分支，更恰当地称为上颌神经（V-2）的腭方成分，代表了与上颌的获得相关的近形颌口特征。J. Morphol. 275：17-38，2014. (c)2013 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
The trigeminal, the fifth cranial nerve of vertebrates, represents the rostralmost component of the nerves assigned to pharyngeal arches. It consists of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular nerves, and in jawed vertebrates, the latter is further divided into two major branches dorsoventrally. Of these, the dorsal one is called the maxillary nerve because it predominantly innervates the upper jaw, as seen in the human anatomy. However, developmentally, the upper jaw is derived not only from the dorsal part of the mandibular arch, but also from the premandibular primordium: the medial nasal prominence rostral to the mandibular arch domain. The latter component forms the premaxillary region of the upper jaw in mammals. Thus, there is an apparent discrepancy between the morphological trigeminal innervation pattern and the developmental derivation of the gnathostome upper jaw. To reconcile this, we compared the embryonic developmental patterns of the trigeminal nerve in a variety of gnathostome species. With the exception of the diapsid species studied, we found that the maxillary nerve issues a branch (nasopalatine nerve in human) that innervates the medial nasal prominence derivatives. Because the trigeminal nerve in cyclostomes also possesses a similar branch, we conclude that the vertebrate maxillomandibular nerve primarily has had a premandibular branch as its dorsal element. The presence of this branch would thus represent the plesiomorphic condition for the gnathostomes, implying its secondary loss within some lineages. The branch for the maxillary process, more appropriately called the palatoquadrate component of the maxillary nerve (V-2), represents the apomorphic gnathostome trait that has evolved in association with the acquisition of an upper jaw. J. Morphol. 275:17-38, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.