Cicada parasitic moths from China (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae): morphology, identity, biology, and biogeography
Cicada parasitic moths from China (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae): morphology, identity, biology, and biogeography
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中国蝉寄生蛾（鳞翅目：Epipyropidae）：形态、身份、生物学和生物地理学
DOI：
10.1080/14772000.2018.1431319
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Wei Cong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Yunxiang;Yang Zhaofu;Zhang Guoyun;Yu Qingqing;Wei Cong
Epipyropidae 科的物种由于其外寄生生活方式而很少被收集，因此很少受到研究。根据我们的形态学和分子分析，在中国发现的所有寄生不同种类蝉的标本都属于一个物种：Epipomponia nawai (Dyar)。 Epipomponia oncotympana Yang（命名为无效）物种被发现与 E. nawai 相同。描述了 E. nawai 的卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态，包括卵和幼虫的超微结构。使用扫描电子显微镜检查了 E. nawai 雌性和雄性触角上的七种类型的感器及其分布模式，从而更好地了解该物种的两性二态性。分析了中国、朝鲜半岛和日本的 E. nawai 种群的种群分化和系统发育关系。种内遗传距离表明遗传分化较低，这也与较小的形态变异一致。生物地理分析表明，秦岭山脉在地理上是亚热带和温带的边界，可能是E. nawai基因流动的最重要的地理障碍之一。我们基于E. nawai COI基因的分子系统发育分析表明，第四纪冰河时代后，中国大陆、台湾和日本岛屿可能发生了频繁的基因流动，也可能是琉球群岛。此外，还对E. nawai幼虫和成虫的生物学和行为进行了观察，结果表明该蛾可能进行两性繁殖。我们的研究结果增加了对这种不寻常蛾类的形态、多样性、分布和生物学的理解，并且应该有助于未来对其他表翅目昆虫的种群分化、生物地理学和繁殖行为模式的研究。
Species of the family Epipyropidae are infrequently collected due to their ectoparasitic lifestyle and have therefore received little study. Based on our morphological and molecular analyses, all specimens found parasitizing different species of cicadas in China belong to one species, Epipomponia nawai (Dyar). The species Epipomponia oncotympana Yang (nom. invalid.) was found to be identical with E. nawai. The morphology of the egg, larva, pupa, and adult of E. nawai is described, including the ultrastructure of the egg and larva. Seven types of sensilla and their distribution pattern on the antennae of both females and males of E. nawai are examined using scanning electron microscopy, resulting in a better understanding of sexual dimorphism in this species. Population differentiation and phylogenetic relationships amongst populations of E. nawai occurring in China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan are analysed. The intraspecific genetic distances suggest a low genetic differentiation which is also consistent with the minor morphological variations. The biogeographic analysis reveals that the Qinling Mountain Range, which is geographically the border of the subtropical and temperate zones, is presumably one of the most important geographic barriers to the gene flow of E. nawai. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the COI gene of E. nawai indicates that frequent gene flow might have occurred in the China mainland, Taiwan and Japan islands, and possibly also the Ryukyu Islands after the Quaternary ice ages. In addition, the biology and behaviour of both larvae and adults of E. nawai were also observed, and results indicate the possibility of bisexual reproduction in this moth. Our results increase the understanding of the morphology, diversity, distribution, and biology of this unusual moth, and should aid future studies on patterns of population differentiation, biogeography, and reproductive behaviour in other epipyropids.