Foreword: symposium on beverages and health.
Foreword: symposium on beverages and health.
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前言：饮料与健康研讨会。
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.011
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mattes,RichardD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mattes,RichardD
在科学领域，新发现很少像它们第一次出现时那样好或坏，或者像那些孤立地看待它们的人所表达的那样好或坏。饮料在健康饮食中的作用问题就是一个很好的例子。人们喝酒有很多原因。最根本的是满足补水需求，目前饮料可满足约80%的补水需求（食品与营养委员会）。尽管饮食（1，2）和销售（3）数据表明饮料消费量在过去三十年中有所增加，但有证据表明，部分人群（4）的补水需求没有得到充分满足，特别是在高温、运动和胃肠道压力下（5-10）。因此，任何形式的饮料（11）都可以帮助解决这个问题。饮酒的其他功能包括帮助食物的咀嚼、吞咽和肠道通道，提供感官刺激和促进社会互动。贝伐他汀还提供营养素（例如，牛奶中的钙，代餐产品中的蛋白质）和其他化合物（例如，茶和葡萄酒中的抗氧化剂;茶，咖啡，可乐中的咖啡因;啤酒，葡萄酒和烈酒中的乙醇;运动饮料中的电解质）与降低慢性疾病风险有关。如果没有滥用（如乙醇），在这一点上几乎没有什么可批评的。它们在输送能量方面的效率在某些人群中也是一个优势（例如，具有早期饱腹感的个体，如老年人或选定的癌症或HIV患者）。然而，这是一个角色，吸引了更多的关注，而不是赞扬，由于更大的问题，在个人方面的影响，超重/肥胖。饮料的贡献，主要是甜能源生产品种，积极的能量平衡和体重增加已经引起了激烈的辩论。与营养问题的常见情况一样，科学文献也存在分歧。最近的综述和荟萃分析支持（12-14）和反驳（15，16）饮料在体重增加中的作用。大量的争议源于大多数综述在证据类型或所包括人群的亚组（例如，儿童（15）与成人（12））方面的狭隘关注，因此比较的基础是有限的，不易外推到一般人群。对所有数据（例如，包括观察数据，食欲和急性饮食补偿研究，长期干预）的审查更强烈地暗示饮料消费超重/肥胖（13，14）。然而，在缺乏明确的科学共识的情况下，随着消费者的高度兴趣，媒体已经大肆宣传了连续发表的研究结果，主要是那些
In science, new findings are rarely as good or as bad as they first appear or as expressed by those viewing them in isolation. The issue of the role of beverages in a healthful diet is a case in point. People drink for myriad reasons. The most fundamental is to meet hydration needs and beverages presently provide about 80% of that requirement (Food & Nutrition Board). Despite dietary (1, 2) and sales (3) data indicating beverage consumption has increased over the past three decades, there is evidence that hydration needs are not adequately met in segments of the population (4) especially when under heat, exercise and gastrointestinal stress (5-10). Thus, beverages, in any form (11), may help to address this problem. Additional functions of drinking include aiding chewing, swallowing and intestinal passage of foods, provision of sensory stimulation and facilitation of social interactions. Beverages also deliver nutrients (eg, calcium in milk, protein in meal replacement products) and other compounds (eg, antioxidants in tea and wine; caffeine in teas, coffee, cola; ethanol in beer, wine and spirits; electrolytes in sports beverages) associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. If not abused (eg, ethanol), there is little to criticize on this score. Their efficiency at delivering energy can also be an advantage in some populations (eg, individuals with early satiety such as the elderly or selected patients with cancer or HIV). However, this is a role that has attracted more concern than commendation due to the greater issue, in terms of individuals affected, of overweight/obesity.The contribution of beverages, primarily sweetened energy-yielding varieties, to positive energy balance and weight gain has engendered fierce debate. As is often the case with nutrition issues, the scientific literature is divided. Recent reviews and meta-analyses support (12-14) and refute (15, 16) a role for beverages in weight gain. A good deal of the controversy stems from the narrow focus of most reviews in terms of the types of evidence or sub-groups (eg, children (15) versus adults (12)) of the population included, so the bases of comparisons are limited and not easily extrapolated to the general population. Reviews of the totality of the data (eg, including observational data, studies of appetite and acute dietary compensation, longterm interventions) more strongly implicate beverage consumption in overweight/obesity (13, 14). Nevertheless, in the absence of a clear science-based consensus, and with a high level of consumer interest, the media has trumpeted sequentially published findings, primarily those