Animal Models of (or for) Aggression Reward, Addiction, and Relapse: Behavior and Circuits
Animal Models of (or for) Aggression Reward, Addiction, and Relapse: Behavior and Circuits
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0151-19.2019
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发表时间：
2019-05-22
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Shaham, Yavin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Golden, Sam A.;Jin, Michelle;Shaham, Yavin
不适当和病态的侵犯行为在数百万人的痛苦和死亡中起着主导作用，并进一步给受影响者的照顾者和家庭带来难以承受的压力。在某些情况下，如成瘾性药物，攻击性可以是高度奖励（食欲），并持续追求，尽管短期和长期的负面后果。同样，暴力惯犯的累犯率（复发率）与吸毒成瘾者的复发率一样高。可以在小鼠研究中使用条件性位置偏好和自我施用程序，然后是一段时间的禁欲和随后的攻击偏好和攻击寻求复发测试，对食欲攻击和攻击寻求复发进行建模。这些程序允许的机制，控制食欲与攻击行为的完成（攻击）阶段的研究。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了在小鼠模型中探索食欲攻击的行为程序，从巴甫洛夫任务到操作任务，我们还描述了最近提出的“攻击成瘾”现象。接下来，我们讨论了攻击性条件性位置偏好和攻击性自我管理、寻求和复发的药理学和电路机制，强调了攻击性的食欲和完成阶段之间的机械一致性和分歧。最后，我们讨论的临床意义的研究综述。
Inappropriate and pathological aggression plays a leading role in the suffering and death of millions of people, and further places an untenable strain on the caregivers and families of those afflicted. In some cases, such as addictive drugs, aggression can be highly rewarding (appetitive) and continually pursued despite short-and long-term negative consequences. Similarly, recidivism (relapse) rates for repeat violent offenders are as high as relapse rates for drug addicts. Appetitive aggression and relapse to aggression seeking can be modeled in mice studies using conditioned place preference and self-administration procedures followed by a period of abstinence and subsequent tests for relapse to aggression preference and aggression seeking. These procedures allow for the study of the mechanisms that control the appetitive versus the consummatory (attack) phases of aggressive behavior. In this review, we first discuss the behavioral procedures developed to probe appetitive aggression in mouse models, spanning from Pavlovian to operant tasks, and we also describe the recently proposed phenomenon of "aggression addiction." Next, we discuss the pharmacological and circuit mechanisms of aggression conditioned place preference and aggression self-administration, seeking, and relapse, highlighting mechanistic congruence and divergence between appetitive and consummatory phases of aggression. We conclude by discussing clinical implications of the studies reviewed.