Wave-like Patterns of Plant Phenology Determine Ungulate Movement Tactics
Wave-like Patterns of Plant Phenology Determine Ungulate Movement Tactics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.032
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发表时间：
2020-09-07
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Kauffiman, Matthew J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aikens, Ellen O.;Mysterud, Atle;Kauffiman, Matthew J.
动物表现出多种多样的运动策略[1]。跟踪在空间和时间上变化的资源被预测为动物运动的基本驱动力[2]。例如，一些迁徙的有蹄类动物（即，有蹄哺乳动物）密切跟踪高营养植物变绿的进程，这种现象称为“绿波冲浪”[3-5]。然而，描述资源的动态性质如何决定运动策略的一般原则仍然缺乏[6]。我们测试了一个新兴的理论，该理论预测冲浪和迁移行为的存在将有利于环境中，绿色是短暂的，并在大的景观顺序移动（即，波状绿上）[7]。呈现波浪状绿色模式的景观促进了冲浪，并解释了两大洲四种有蹄类动物61个种群（n = 1，696人）的迁移行为。在物种水平上，觅食的好处是相等的战术之间，这表明每个运动策略是微调到当地的植物物候模式。几十年来，生态学家一直试图了解动物如何移动以选择栖息地，通常将栖息地定义为一组静态斑块[8，9]。我们的研究结果表明，动物的运动策略出现作为跨空间和时间的资源流量的函数，强调需要重新定义栖息地，包括其动态属性。随着全球栖息地继续受到人为干扰和气候变化的影响，我们的综合研究提供了一个可推广的框架，以了解动物运动将如何受到资源物候模式改变的影响。
Animals exhibit a diversity of movement tactics [1]. Tracking resources that change across space and time is predicted to be a fundamental driver of animal movement [2]. For example, some migratory ungulates (i.e., hooved mammals) closely track the progression of highly nutritious plant green-up, a phenomenon called "green-wave surfing'' [3-5]. Yet general principles describing how the dynamic nature of resources determine movement tactics are lacking [6]. We tested an emerging theory that predicts surfing and the existence of migratory behavior will be favored in environments where green-up is fleeting and moves sequentially across large landscapes (i.e., wave-like green-up) [7]. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of greenup facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species on two continents (n = 1,696 individuals). At the species level, foraging benefits were equivalent between tactics, suggesting that each movement tactic is fine-tuned to local patterns of plant phenology. For decades, ecologists have sought to understand how animals move to select habitat, commonly defining habitat as a set of static patches [8, 9]. Our findings indicate that animal movement tactics emerge as a function of the flux of resources across space and time, underscoring the need to redefine habitat to include its dynamic attributes. As global habitats continue to be modified by anthropogenic disturbance and climate change [10], our synthesis provides a generalizable framework to understand how animal movement will be influenced by altered patterns of resource phenology.