NITROGEN-FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON GROWTH, GRAIN-YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MALTING BARLEY
NITROGEN-FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON GROWTH, GRAIN-YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MALTING BARLEY
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DOI：
10.1016/0378-4290(95)00034-n
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发表时间：
1995-10-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
LAMOTHE, AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BAETHGEN, WE;CHRISTIANSON, CB;LAMOTHE, AG
啤酒大麦氮肥优化施用策略研究必须以最大限度地提高产量为目标，同时保持谷物中的低氮含量，以保持麦芽质量。1989 ~ 1991年进行了11个田间试验，研究了不同生育期施氮对啤酒大麦生长发育、籽粒产量和产量构成因素的影响。处理包括在播种时、在Zadoks生长阶段Z-22（分蘖中期）或Z-30（分蘖末期）单次施用N肥，以及在这些时间中的每个时间施用不同水平的N。在生长季节早期施用高比例的N刺激分蘖，但许多这些分蘖没有产生穗。氮对穗数的影响是显而易见的，只有在比较施肥和不施肥的处理，通过在成熟时的穗数和分蘖数在Z-30之间的正相关性。在Z-30施氮使穗粒数比未施氮区增加30%~ 100%，但穗粒数与每平方米穗数呈负相关，表现出补偿效应。在Z-30施氮对增加每平方米籽粒数也是最有效的，而籽粒重对氮的反应很小。平均籽粒重量为所有网站年显示，没有三年提出限制条件灌浆。产量和产量构成因素的累积概率曲线表明，氮肥施用在Z-30在大多数情况下，但只有当足够的N可在播种，以确保作物建立和初始分蘖发展的最佳结果。与此相反，Z-30处理对产量和产量构成因素的影响最小时，不施肥播种。穗粒数和每平方米穗粒数是仅有的两个与籽粒产量有明显关联的产量构成因素。研究表明，啤酒大麦的氮肥策略应确保相对少量的有效氮播种作物建立和初始分蘖的发展。然后在分蘖结束时施用额外的N，所需的量取决于所使用的作物和土壤管理系统。
Optimal strategies for using nitrogen fertilizer with malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) must aim to maximize yield while maintaining low N content in grain to preserve malting quality. Eleven field experiments were conducted during 1989-91 with the objective of determining the impact of N fertilizer applied at different growth stages on crop growth, grain yield, and yield components of malting barley. Treatments included single applications of N fertilizer at sowing, at Zadoks growth stages Z-22 (midtillering) or Z-30 (end of tillering) and differing levels of N applied at each of these times. High rates of N applied early in the growing season stimulated tillering but many of these tillers did not produce spikes. An effect of N on spike number was evident only in comparisons of fertilized and unfertilized treatments through a positive correlation between number of spikes at maturity and the number of tillers at Z-30. Nitrogen fertilizer applied at Z-30 resulted in 30% to 100% increases in number of kernels/spike over unfertilized plots though number of kernels/spike was negatively correlated with number of spikes/m(2), indicating compensation effects. Nitrogen applications at Z-30 were also most effective for increasing number of kernels/m(2) while kernel weight responded only slightly to N. Mean kernel weight for all site-years revealed that none of the three years presented limiting conditions for grain filling. Cumulative probability curves for yields and yield components indicated that N fertilizer applied at Z-30 gave the best results in most situations but only when sufficient N was available at sowing to ensure crop establishment and initial tiller development. In contrast, the Z-30 treatment had the least impact on yield and yield components when no fertilizer was applied at sowing. Number of kernels/spike and number of kernels/m(2) were the only two yield components with a clear association with grain yields. The research indicates that N fertilizer strategies for malting barley should ensure relatively small amounts of available N at sowing for crop establishment and initial tiller development. Additional N would then be applied at the end of tillering, the amount required depending on the crop and soil management systems used.