Dissecting the brain's fear system reveals the hypothalamus is critical for responding in subordinate conspecific intruders
Dissecting the brain's fear system reveals the hypothalamus is critical for responding in subordinate conspecific intruders
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0900939106
复制
发表时间：
2009-03-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Swanson, Larry W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Motta, Simone C.;Goto, Marina;Swanson, Larry W.
有效防御环境中的自然威胁对动物个体的生存至关重要。因此，伴随着恐惧的本能行为反应已经进化到保护个体免受捕食者和同一物种的对手（优势同种）的伤害。虽然有人认为，所有感知到的环境威胁触发相同的一套先天决定的防御反应，我们测试了替代假设，不同的刺激可能会引起不同的神经回路支持的可区分的行为。行为，神经元立即早期基因激活，病变和神经解剖学实验的结果表明，下丘脑是必要的充分表达的防御行为反应在下属同种，背乳头体前核的病变大大减少行为措施的恐惧，在这些动物，基本上独立的下丘脑电路支持防御反应的捕食者或占主导地位的同种。现在很清楚，可区分的神经回路是防御反应的基础，与疼痛刺激，捕食者和占主导地位的同种相关的恐惧条件反射，下丘脑是后两种刺激回路的重要组成部分。
Effective defense against natural threats in the environment is essential for the survival of individual animals. Thus, instinctive behavioral responses accompanied by fear have evolved to protect individuals from predators and from opponents of the same species (dominant conspecifics). While it has been suggested that all perceived environmental threats trigger the same set of innately determined defensive responses, we tested the alternate hypothesis that different stimuli may evoke differentiable behaviors supported by distinct neural circuitry. The results of behavioral, neuronal immediate early gene activation, lesion, and neuroanatomical experiments indicate that the hypothalamus is necessary for full expression of defensive behavioral responses in a subordinate conspecific, that lesions of the dorsal premammillary nucleus drastically reduce behavioral measures of fear in these animals, and that essentially separate hypothalamic circuitry supports defensive responses to a predator or a dominant conspecific. It is now clear that differentiable neural circuitry underlies defensive responses to fear conditioning associated with painful stimuli, predators, and dominant conspecifics and that the hypothalamus is an essential component of the circuitry for the latter two stimuli.