Concerted evolution and developmental integration in modular butterfly wing patterns
Concerted evolution and developmental integration in modular butterfly wing patterns
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03025.x
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Brakefield, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beldade, P;Brakefield, PM
发育中的生物体被认为是模块化的组织，因此不同模块中的特征独立进化，而模块中的特征以协调一致的方式变化。Bicyclus anynana蝴蝶的眼斑模式提供了一个理想的系统，可以解剖形态模块化和不同水平的遗传整合分析。有几条证据表明，一只蝴蝶的所有眼斑都是遗传整合的，这表明整个图案，而不是单独的眼斑，应该被视为一个单一的特征。然而，尽管B背前翅上的两个眼斑之间有很强的遗传相关性。anynana，独立变革的潜力很大。在这里，我们使用的实验室线选择在不同方向的大小，这些眼点研究相关的反应，在整个眼点模式。我们在所有的翼面上显示出明显的眼斑大小变化，这取决于眼斑沿沿着前后轴的位置。另外，眼斑的数量和颜色组成也发生了变化，但眼斑相对于翅缘的位置没有变化。我们的分析眼点模式模块化的讨论是什么已知的细胞和遗传机制的眼点形成和蝴蝶翅膀图案的进化多样化的巨大潜力。
Developing organisms are thought to be modular in organization so that traits in different modules evolve independently whereas traits within a module change in a concerted manner. The eyespot pattern in Bicyclus anynana butterflies provides an ideal system where morphological modularity can be dissected and different levels of genetic integration analyzed. Several lines of evidence show that all eyespots in an individual butterfly are genetically integrated, suggesting that the whole pattern, rather than the separate eyespots, should be considered as a single character. However, despite the strong genetic correlations between the two eyespots on the dorsal forewing of B. anynana , there is great potential for independent changes. Here we use laboratory lines selected in different directions for the size of those eyespots to study correlated responses in the whole eyespot pattern. We show clear changes in eyespot size across all wing surfaces, which depend on eyespot position along the anterior-posterior axis. There are also changes in the number of extra eyespots and in eyespot color composition but no changes in eyespot position relative to wing margin. Our analysis of eyespot pattern modularity is discussed in the light of what is known about the cellular and genetic mechanisms of eyespot formation and the great potential for evolutionary diversification in butterfly wing patterns.