Functional Neurochemistry of the Ventral and Dorsal Hippocampus: Stress, Depression, Dementia and Remote Hippocampal Damage
Functional Neurochemistry of the Ventral and Dorsal Hippocampus: Stress, Depression, Dementia and Remote Hippocampal Damage
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DOI：
10.1007/s11064-018-2662-0
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gulyaeva, Natalia V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gulyaeva, Natalia V.
海马体不是一个同质的大脑区域，这个结构的复杂组织是其相关性和功能多向性的基础。分析了腹侧海马区参与认知功能、行为、应激反应及其与脑病理，特别是抑郁症的关系的新数据，重点分析了神经可塑性、内在神经元网络的特化、通过盐皮质激素和糖皮质激素受体的皮质类固醇信号以及海马区的神经炎症。关于海马区的数据被分析，特别强调腹侧的海马区，这是抑郁症发生的最重要的改变区域。根据最近的数据，现有的简单范式学习(背侧海马体)与情绪(腹侧海马体)之间的关系应该得到实质性的修订和规范。提出了一个新的假说，即应激反应机制(包括释放的糖皮质激素与海马受体的相互作用以及随后的炎症事件)主要参与了局灶性脑损伤(如卒中后和创伤后)导致的迟发性痴呆和抑郁症所致的远隔海马区损害。这一假说包括预防中风后和创伤后抑郁和痴呆症的新方法，其翻译有效性可以在实验和临床研究中得到证实。
The hippocampus is not a homogeneous brain area, and the complex organization of this structure underlies its relevance and functional pleiotropism. The new data related to the involvement of the ventral hippocampus in the cognitive function, behavior, stress response and its association with brain pathology, in particular, depression, are analyzed with a focus on neuroplasticity, specializations of the intrinsic neuronal network, corticosteroid signaling through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The data on the septo-temporal hippicampal gradient are analyzed with particular emphasis on theventral hippocampus, a region where most important alteration underlying depressive disorders occur. According to the recent data, the existing simple paradigm learning (dorsal hippocampus) versus emotions (ventral hippocampus) should be substantially revised and specified. A new hypothesis is suggested on the principal involvement of stress response mechanisms (including interaction of released glucocorticoids with hippocampal receptors and subsequent inflammatory events) in the remote hippocampal damage underlying delayed dementia and depression induced by focal brain damage (e.g. post-stroke and post-traumatic). The translational validity of this hypothesis comprising new approaches in preventing post-stroke and post-trauma depression and dementia can be confirmed in experimental and clinical studies.