Pacific sea surface temperature and the winter of 2014
Pacific sea surface temperature and the winter of 2014
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DOI：
10.1002/2015gl063083
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发表时间：
2015-03-28
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Hartmann, Dennis L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartmann, Dennis L.
历史数据和模拟实验表明，2013-2014年北美冬季寒冷的一个直接原因是太平洋的海面温度(SST)模式。太平洋海温变化的三种主要模式中的每一种都与热带有关，并在温带海温和天气模式中有很强的表现。从2013年年中开始，海温变化的第三种模式是两个标准差为正，并一直保持到2015年1月。这种模式与东北太平洋的高压和北美中部的低气压和低地表温度有关。用观测到的海温进行的大量模式试验证实，海温异常是导致2014年冬季异常的原因之一。
It is shown from historical data and from modeling experiments that a proximate cause of the cold winter in North America in 2013-2014 was the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Each of the three dominant modes of SST variability in the Pacific is connected to the tropics and has a strong expression in extratropical SST and weather patterns. Beginning in the middle of 2013, the third mode of SST variability was two standard deviations positive and has remained so through January 2015. This pattern is associated with high pressure in the northeast Pacific and low pressure and low surface temperatures over central North America. A large ensemble of model experiments with observed SSTs confirms that SST anomalies contributed to the anomalous winter of 2014.