The 1937 census and the limits of Stalinist rule
The 1937 census and the limits of Stalinist rule
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1937 年人口普查和斯大林统治的局限性
DOI：
10.1017/s0018246x00020744
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Merridale
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Merridale
1937年1月，苏联政府进行了11年来的第一次人口普查。本文以人口普查组织的档案和一些地方出生、婚姻和死亡登记办公室的报告为基础，描述了数据收集运动、所提出的问题（包括第一次和最后一次关于被访者宗教信仰的问题）以及人们对与统治者进行个人接触的反应。所收集的资料极为详尽和完整。然而，最关键的是，人口普查被完全压制，负责组织人口普查的官员迅速被捕并被处决。讨论了这样做的原因——主要集中在1932-3年饥荒期间高死亡率证据的敏感性上——以及压制这些信息的潜在影响。最后，文章质疑关于这一时期饥荒死亡率的统计数据有多完整，并呼吁讨论关于记忆和丧失的更广泛的问题，这些问题是死亡统计数据的基础。
ABSTRACT In January 1937 the government of the USSR conducted its first population census in eleven years. This article, which is based on the archives of the census organizations and on reports from some local offices for the registration of births, marriages and deaths, describes the campaign of data collection, the questions that were asked (including, for the first and last time, a question about the respondent's religion) and the response which people give to this personal contact with their rulers. The information gathered was exceptionally thorough and complete. Crucially, however, the census was entirely suppressed, and the officials responsible for organizing it promptly arrested and executed. The reasons for doing this – which largely centred on the sensitivity of evidence of high mortality during the famine of 1932–3 – are discussed, as are the potential implications of the suppression of such information. Finally, the article questions how complete any statistics about famine mortality in this period can be, and calls for a discussion of the broader questions of memory and loss which underlie the bare statistics of death.