Pharmaceutical Education in Japan--Past, Present--, and Human Social Pharmacy Education in the Near Future.
Pharmaceutical Education in Japan--Past, Present--, and Human Social Pharmacy Education in the Near Future.
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日本药学教育——过去、现在——以及不久的将来的人类社会药学教育。
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
J. Okuda
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作者：
J. Okuda
本文回顾了日本74所药学学校的建立过程。从明治初期到第二次世界大战开始，建立了包括东京大学在内的21所学校。战后，从美国引进了新的四年制大学制度，上述21所学校成为大学，新成立了25所大学。2006年从美国引进临床药学专业，开始实行六年制本科学制。该体系分为2组，1）6年制临床药学加4年博士课程和2）4年制药学科学和硕士学位持续2年加3年博士课程。这两个系统始于2006年。临床药学课程的学生必须在社区药房和医院药房进行22周的实习。2015年3月毕业生8,446人参加全国执业药师资格考试，通过率为72.65%。进入药学院并不容易;然而，通过国家执照考试更难。药学教育的目标应是培养对社会有更深理解、对病人有更丰富人性的药师。为了实现这一目标，需要在课程中包括人类社会药学的科目，如药学哲学，伦理学，宗教，药学史，药事法，经济学，管理学和社会药学。需要在不久的将来将这些科目列入课程。当然，制药科学的研究是一个终身的奋进。
In this paper, the foundation of the 74 Japanese pharmacy schools was reviewed. From the early Meiji era until the beginning World War II, 21 schools including Tokyo University were established. After the war, the new four-year university system was introduced from America, and the above 21 schools became universities and 25 universities were newly founded. In 2006, clinical pharmacy was introduced from America, and the six-year undergraduate system began. This system was divided into 2 groups, 1) 6 year system of clinical pharmacy plus 4 years doctor course and 2) 4 years system of pharmaceutical sciences and a master degree lasting 2 years plus a 3 year doctor course. These two systems started in 2006. The students of clinical pharmacy course must take the 22 weeks of clerkships in a community pharmacy and hospital pharmacy. The graduates (8,446) in 2015 March took the National License Examination for pharmacist, and the pass rate was 72.65%. The entrance into pharmacy school is not easy; however, the passing of the National License Examination is more difficult. The aim of pharmacy education should be to foster pharmacists with a deeper understanding of society and with richer humanity for the patient. To achieve this, what needs to be included in the curriculum are the subjects of the human social pharmacy, such as philosophy of pharmacy, ethics, religions, history of pharmacy, pharmaceutical affairs law, economics, management, and social pharmacy. The inclusion of such subjects needs to be implemented in the near future. Of course, the study of pharmaceutical sciences is a life-long endeavor.