Human SAMD9 is a poxvirus-activatable anticodon nuclease inhibiting codon-specific protein synthesis.

Human SAMD9 is a poxvirus-activatable anticodon nuclease inhibiting codon-specific protein synthesis.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.adh8502
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发表时间:
2023-06-09
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
Xiang, Yan
Xiang, Yan
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang, Fushun;Ji, Quanquan;Chaturvedi, Juhi;Morales, Marisol;Mao, Yuanhui;Meng, Xiangzhi;Dong, Leiming;Deng, Junpeng;Qian, Shu-Bing;Xiang, Yan

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作为针对病毒或竞争者的防御策略,一些微生物使用反密码子核酸酶 (ACNases) 来消耗必需的 tRNA,从而有效地停止整体蛋白质合成。然而,在多细胞真核生物中尚未观察到这种机制。在这里,我们报道人类 SAMD9 是一种 ACNase,可以特异性切割苯丙氨酸 tRNA (tRNAPhe),从而导致密码子特异性核糖体暂停和应激信号传导。虽然 SAMD9 ACNase 活性通常潜伏在细胞中,但它可以被痘病毒感染激活,或者通过与各种人类疾病相关的 SAMD9 突变而呈现组成型活性,揭示了 tRNAPhe 耗竭作为一种抗病毒机制和 SAMD9 疾病的致病条件。我们将 SAMD9 的 N 端效应结构域鉴定为 ACNase,其底物特异性主要由摆动位置处的真核 tRNAPhe 特异性 2'-O-甲基化决定,使得几乎所有真核 tRNAPhe 都容易受到 SAMD9 裂解。值得注意的是,SAMD9 ACNase 的结构和底物特异性与已知的微生物 ACNase 不同,表明针对 tRNA 的常见免疫防御策略的趋同进化。人类 SAMD9 通过消耗必需的 tRNA 并停止蛋白质合成来抑制病毒复制和细胞生长。
As a defense strategy against viruses or competitors, some microbes use anticodon nucleases (ACNases) to deplete essential tRNAs, effectively halting global protein synthesis. However, this mechanism has not been observed in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we report that human SAMD9 is an ACNase that specifically cleaves phenylalanine tRNA (tRNAPhe), resulting in codon-specific ribosomal pausing and stress signaling. While SAMD9 ACNase activity is normally latent in cells, it can be activated by poxvirus infection or rendered constitutively active by SAMD9 mutations associated with various human disorders, revealing tRNAPhe depletion as an antiviral mechanism and a pathogenic condition in SAMD9 disorders. We identified the N-terminal effector domain of SAMD9 as the ACNase, with substrate specificity primarily determined by a eukaryotic tRNAPhe–specific 2′-O-methylation at the wobble position, making virtually all eukaryotic tRNAPhe susceptible to SAMD9 cleavage. Notably, the structure and substrate specificity of SAMD9 ACNase differ from known microbial ACNases, suggesting convergent evolution of a common immune defense strategy targeting tRNAs. Human SAMD9 inhibits viral replication and cell growth by depleting an essential tRNA and halting protein synthesis.
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