増大特集 記憶と忘却に関わる脳のしくみ-分子機構から健忘の症候まで 学習･記憶の細胞基盤-シナプス･アンサンブルを可視化･操作する技術の創出
増大特集 記憶と忘却に関わる脳のしくみ-分子機構から健忘の症候まで 学習･記憶の細胞基盤-シナプス･アンサンブルを可視化･操作する技術の創出
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特色：参与记忆和遗忘的大脑机制 - 从分子机制到健忘症的症状学习和记忆的细胞基础 - 创建可视化和操纵突触整体的技术
DOI：
10.11477/mf.1416201072
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
林(高木) 朗子
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
佐藤 壮泰;宮本 成美;千葉 久実;小尾 紀翔;林(高木) 朗子
树突棘是小的膜突起。它们的调节被认为对记忆储存很重要，但是由于操纵单个棘的技术的运气，树突棘和记忆之间的联系在很大程度上是相关的。为了克服这个问题，我们已经开发了一种新的突触光探针，AS-PaRac 1，这是独一无二的，不仅因为它特异性地标记最近增强的棘，而且因为它成为可能选择性地收缩含有AS-PaRac 1的棘。这表明AS-PaRac 1可以用于专门可视化最近“写入的棘”，并且在用蓝光激发时可以擦除这些棘。使用在体双光子成像，突触增强可视化过程中积极重塑的新皮层。在学习运动技能时，AS-PaRac 1表达在相对少量的神经元中诱导，其中大约8%的棘被AS-PaRac 1标记。标记的棘广泛分布在整个树突树。蓝光刺激导致学习相关的棘萎缩，破坏了获得性运动学习。相比之下，擦除类似数量的学习无关的脊椎并不影响任务的表现。这种新颖的光依赖工具将开辟记忆研究的新领域，并将进一步揭示决定我们是谁的神经网络。
Dentritic spines are small membrane protrusions. Their regulation is thought to be important for memory storage, but the links between dentric spines and memory have been largely correlational because of a luck of techniques for manipulating individual spines. To overcome this problem, we have developed a novel synaptic optoprobe, AS-PaRac1, which is unique not only because it specifically labels recently potentiated spines, but also because it becomes possible to selectively shrink spines containing AS-PaRac1. This indicates that AS-PaRac1 can be use to specifically visualize the recently" written spines" and that the erasure of these spines is possible upon excitation with blue light. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, synaptic potentiation was visualized during active remodeling of the neocortex. Upon learning a motor skill, AS-PaRac1 expression was induced in a relatively small number of neurons, in which approximately 8% of spines were tagged by AS-PaRac1. The labeled spines were broadly distributed throughout the dendritic tree. Excitation with blue light induced shrinkage of learning related spines and disrupted the acquired motor learning. In contrast, the erasure of a similar number of learning-irrelevant spines did not affect task performance. This novel light-dependent tool will open up new areas of memory research, and will additionally shed light on the neural networks that determine who we are.