Accretionary orogens through Earth history
Accretionary orogens through Earth history
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DOI：
10.1144/sp318.1
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Windley, Brian F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cawood, Peter A.;Kroener, Alfred;Windley, Brian F.
增生造山带形成于大洋内和大陆边缘会聚的板块边界。它们包括超俯冲带、弧前、岩浆弧和弧后成分。根据增生造山带的运动学框架和形成的地质特征，可将其分为退缩型和进进型。退缩造山带(如现代西太平洋)正在经历长期的伸展，以弧后盆地为特征，以下部板块相对于逆冲板块的俯冲位置为响应。前进型造山带(如安第斯山脉)发育于上覆板块向下倾板块推进的环境中，形成前陆褶皱冲断带和地壳增厚。吸积造山带的克拉通作用发生在持续的板块会聚过程中，需要跨越板块边界的瞬时耦合，应变集中在机械和热弱的区域，如岩浆弧和弧后区域。耦合的潜在驱动机制包括浮力岩石圈的吸积(地体吸积)、平板俯冲和快速的绝对上板块运动盖过下沉的板块。吸积造山带在整个地球历史上一直是活跃的，至少延伸到3.2Ga，甚至更早，并对地球上岩石圈板块水平运动的启动提供了重要的限制。它们通过添加年轻的岩浆产品，负责大陆岩石圈的主要增长，但也是随着时间的推移，通过沉积物俯冲和俯冲侵蚀，消耗和改造大陆地壳的主要地点。地壳的增长速度和破坏速度很可能大致相等，这意味着自太古代以来的净增长实际上为零。
Accretionary orogens form at intraoceanic and continental margin convergent plate boundaries. They include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and back-arc components. Accretionary orogens can be grouped into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character. Retreating orogens (e. g. modern western Pacific) are undergoing long-term extension in response to the site of subduction of the lower plate retreating with respect to the overriding plate and are characterized by back-arc basins. Advancing orogens (e. g. Andes) develop in an environment in which the overriding plate is advancing towards the downgoing plate, resulting in the development of foreland fold and thrust belts and crustal thickening. Cratonization of accretionary orogens occurs during continuing plate convergence and requires transient coupling across the plate boundary with strain concentrated in zones of mechanical and thermal weakening such as the magmatic arc and back-arc region. Potential driving mechanisms for coupling include accretion of buoyant lithosphere (terrane accretion), flat-slab subduction, and rapid absolute upper plate motion overriding the downgoing plate. Accretionary orogens have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and potentially earlier, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth. They have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere through the addition of juvenile magmatic products but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time, through sediment subduction and subduction erosion. It is probable that the rates of crustal growth and destruction are roughly equal, implying that net growth since the Archaean is effectively zero.