AN EVALUATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MOUTH AND HAND CONTAMINATION FOR LEAD ABSORPTION IN LEAD-ACID-BATTERY WORKERS
AN EVALUATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MOUTH AND HAND CONTAMINATION FOR LEAD ABSORPTION IN LEAD-ACID-BATTERY WORKERS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00517950
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发表时间：
1993-02-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
YAN, CK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FAR, HS;PIN, NT;YAN, CK
本文对25名铅蓄电池作业工人进行了经口、手污染摄入铅的研究。空气中铅的个人暴露水平范围为0.004至2.58 mg/m3 [几何平均值为0.098，25%的样本超过0.15 mg/m3的阈值限值（ACGIH）];平均（SD）血铅水平为48.9（10.8）mug/dl。平均手铅含量增加了33倍，从周一上午的班前水平（33.5微克/500毫升）到周四下午的班中水平（1121微克/500毫升）。口腔铅含量从周一的0.021微克/50毫升增加到周四的0.345微克/50毫升，增加了16倍。典型的马来种族习惯，即不使用餐具而徒手和手指进食（与周一的口腔和手部铅水平密切相关）解释了血铅水平的大部分差异（40%），周四的口腔铅（与不良个人卫生密切相关）解释了另外10%。空气铅不是一个重要的解释变量。实施加强洗手和漱口习惯的计划，6个月后血铅水平降低了11.5%。这些结果表明，肠道外摄入的手和口污染是铅接触工人铅吸收的一个重要原因。
The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of ingestion through hand and mouth contamination in the absorption of lead in 25 lead-acid battery workers. Levels of personal exposure to airborne lead ranged from 0.004 to 2.58 mg/m3 [geometric mean 0.098, with 25% of samples exceeding threshold limit values (ACGIH) of 0.15 mg/m3]; the mean (SD) blood lead level was 48.9 (10.8) mug/dl. Mean hand lead contents increased 33-fold from preshift levels on Monday mornings (33.5 mug/500 ml) to midshift levels on Thursday afternoons (1 121 mug/500 ml). Mouth lead contents increased 16-fold from 0.021 mug/50 ml on Mondays to 0.345 mug/50 ml on Thursdays. The typical Malay racial habit of feeding with bare hands and fingers without utensils (closely associated with mouth and hand lead levels on Mondays) explained the bulk of the variance in blood lead levels (40%), with mouth lead on Thursdays (closely associated with poor personal hygiene) explaining a further 10%. Air lead was not a significant explanatory variable. The implementation of a programme of reinforcing hand-washing and mouth-rinsing practices resulted in a reduction of the blood lead level by 11.5% 6 months later. These results indicate that parenteral intake from hand and mouth contamination is an important cause of lead absorption in lead-exposed workers.