The neuroscience of morality and social decision-making.
The neuroscience of morality and social decision-making.
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道德和社会决策的神经科学。
DOI：
10.1080/1068316x.2017.1414817
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Decety,Jean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoder,KeithJ;Decety,Jean
在不同的文化中，人类都非常关心道德，并创建了一些机构，如刑事法院，以执行社会规范。在这种情况下，法官和陪审团参与复杂的社会决策，以确定被告的能力，罪责和罪责。认知神经科学的研究已经开始揭示分布式神经网络，它们相互作用以实现道德判断和社会决策，包括奖励学习，评估，心理状态理解和显着性处理系统。这些过程是道德的基础，其潜在的神经机制受到同情，关怀和正义敏感性的个体差异的影响。这一新的知识对于理解事实审判者如何进行推理在法律的背景下具有重要的意义。此外，最近的研究表明，社会决策网络中的干扰如何促进不道德行为，就像精神病一样。将神经科学方法与心理学和临床神经科学相结合，有可能改善对累犯、未来犯罪和对特定形式康复的反应的预测。
Across cultures humans care deeply about morality and create institutions, such as criminal courts, to enforce social norms. In such contexts, judges and juries engage in complex social decision-making to ascertain a defendant’s capacity, blameworthiness, and culpability. Cognitive neuroscience investigations have begun to reveal the distributed neural networks which interact to implement moral judgment and social decision-making, including systems for reward learning, valuation, mental state understanding, and salience processing. These processes are fundamental to morality, and their underlying neural mechanisms are influenced by individual differences in empathy, caring and justice sensitivity. This new knowledge has important implication in legal settings for understanding how triers of fact reason. Moreover, recent work demonstrates how disruptions within the social decision-making network facilitate immoral behavior, as in the case of psychopathy. Incorporating neuroscientific methods with psychology and clinical neuroscience has the potential to improve predictions of recidivism, future dangerousness, and responsivity to particular forms of rehabilitation.