Conserving groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain
Conserving groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain
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DOI：
10.1007/s00271-002-0059-x
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Xiying Zhang;D. Pei;Chunsheng Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiying Zhang;D. Pei;Chunsheng Hu
冬小麦和夏玉米是内蒙古皮埃蒙特的主要作物。华北平原的太行山。高水平的生产在很大程度上取决于灌溉的使用。然而，灌溉造成地下水位迅速下降。为了保证该地区农业的可持续发展，需要提高农田水分利用效率（WUE），以减少灌溉水的总使用量。本文研究了两种提高WUE的方法，这两种方法可以很容易地被当地农民实施。一是调整冬小麦灌溉制度。二是利用秸秆覆盖冬小麦和玉米来减少土壤蒸发。1997 ~ 2000年在栾城试验站进行的田间试验结果表明，冬小麦一季浇4次水的常规做法，其产量不如干旱年浇3次水或丰水年浇1次水的产量高。后者的粮食产量和相对WUE最高。利用大型称重式蒸渗仪和微型蒸渗仪对蒸散量和土壤蒸发量的测定表明，土壤蒸发量约占总蒸散量的30%。1998/1999年季节，秸秆覆盖减少了冬小麦40毫米和玉米43毫米的土壤蒸发。WUE提高10%以上。这两项措施相结合可以减少该地区的灌溉应用。
Winter wheat and summer maize are the staple crops in the piedmont of Mt. Taihang in the North China Plain. High levels of production depend largely on the use of irrigation. However, irrigation is causing a rapid decline of the groundwater table. To assure sustainable agricultural development in this densely populated region, improvement is needed in farmland water-use efficiency (WUE) to reduce the overall application of irrigation water. This paper investigated two ways to improve WUE, which could be easily implemented by local farmers. One way was to regulate the irrigation scheduling of winter wheat. The other was to utilize straw mulching with winter wheat and maize to reduce soil evaporation. Field experimental results, carried out at Luancheng Station from 1997 to 2000, showed that the common practice of irrigating winter wheat four times each season did not produce as high a yield as three irrigations in a dry year, or one irrigation in a wet year. The latter produced the highest grain production and highest relative WUE. Measurements of evapotranspiration and soil evaporation using a large-scale weighing lysimeter and microlysimeters showed that about 30% of the total evapotranspiration was from soil evaporation. Straw mulching reduced soil evaporation by 40 mm for winter wheat and 43 mm for maize in the 1998/1999 seasons. WUE was improved by over 10%. The combination of these two measures could reduce irrigation applications in the region.