Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation
Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation
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DOI：
10.3390/su7010988
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Karlen, Douglas L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lehman, R. Michael;Cambardella, Cynthia A.;Karlen, Douglas L.
我们的目标是通过增加公共和私人研究努力来了解土壤生物学，特别是微生物学对世界土壤健康的作用，为扭转土壤退化提供乐观的战略。我们首先定义土壤质量/土壤健康（我们认为这是可以互换的术语），描述健康土壤资源的特征，并将土壤健康对农业生态系统及其功能的重要性联系起来。我们研究土壤生物学如何影响土壤健康以及生物特性和过程如何促进农业和生态系统服务的可持续性。我们继续研究如何操纵土壤生物学，以：（i）增加养分利用率，以生产高产、优质作物； (ii) 保护农作物免受害虫、病原体、杂草的侵害； (iii) 管理限制生产、提供生态系统服务以及抵御干旱等压力的其他因素。接下来，我们展望未来，询问目前尚未认识或完全理解的土壤生物学方面需要了解哪些内容，以及如何使用新兴研究工具来满足这些需求。我们得出的结论是，基于我们对土壤生物学新知识将如何帮助提高农业可持续性和生产力的看法，我们建议应通过加强公共和私人研究来优先考虑的研究重点，以扭转全球土壤退化的轨迹。
Our objective is to provide an optimistic strategy for reversing soil degradation by increasing public and private research efforts to understand the role of soil biology, particularly microbiology, on the health of our world's soils. We begin by defining soil quality/soil health (which we consider to be interchangeable terms), characterizing healthy soil resources, and relating the significance of soil health to agroecosystems and their functions. We examine how soil biology influences soil health and how biological properties and processes contribute to sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services. We continue by examining what can be done to manipulate soil biology to: (i) increase nutrient availability for production of high yielding, high quality crops; (ii) protect crops from pests, pathogens, weeds; and (iii) manage other factors limiting production, provision of ecosystem services, and resilience to stresses like droughts. Next we look to the future by asking what needs to be known about soil biology that is not currently recognized or fully understood and how these needs could be addressed using emerging research tools. We conclude, based on our perceptions of how new knowledge regarding soil biology will help make agriculture more sustainable and productive, by recommending research emphases that should receive first priority through enhanced public and private research in order to reverse the trajectory toward global soil degradation.