Mechanics of blast loading on the head models in the study of traumatic brain injury using experimental and computational approaches
Mechanics of blast loading on the head models in the study of traumatic brain injury using experimental and computational approaches
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DOI：
10.1007/s10237-012-0421-8
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Chandra, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ganpule, S.;Alai, A.;Chandra, N.
简易爆炸装置产生的冲击波可对士兵和平民造成轻度、中度至重度创伤性脑损伤。为了了解冲击波对头部和大脑的相互作用，并确定损伤机制，压缩驱动空气冲击管在实验室环境中广泛使用，以模拟现场条件。这项工作的总体目标是了解爆炸冲击波穿过头/脑连续体时冲击波-头部相互作用的机制。为此，在激波管环境下对代理头模型进行了控制良好的冲击波剖面分析，并采用实验与数值相结合的方法对结果进行了分析。验证的数值模型，然后用于研究应力和压力在人类颅骨和大脑的时空分布。通过对一系列实验和数值模拟结果的详细分析，本文论证了：(1)水头的几何形状决定了水头周围的流动动力学，进而决定了水头上的净机械载荷。(2)大脑的生物力学载荷是由直接波传输、结构变形和组织-材料界面的波反射所控制的。(3)颅脑变形和应力分析表明，颅骨屈曲和组织空化是爆炸致颅脑损伤的可能机制。
Blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices can cause mild, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in soldiers and civilians. To understand the interactions of blast waves on the head and brain and to identify the mechanisms of injury, compression-driven air shock tubes are extensively used in laboratory settings to simulate the field conditions. The overall goal of this effort is to understand the mechanics of blast wave-head interactions as the blast wave traverses the head/brain continuum. Toward this goal, surrogate head model is subjected to well-controlled blast wave profile in the shock tube environment, and the results are analyzed using combined experimental and numerical approaches. The validated numerical models are then used to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of stresses and pressure in the human skull and brain. By detailing the results from a series of careful experiments and numerical simulations, this paper demonstrates that: (1) Geometry of the head governs the flow dynamics around the head which in turn determines the net mechanical load on the head. (2) Biomechanical loading of the brain is governed by direct wave transmission, structural deformations, and wave reflections from tissue-material interfaces. (3) Deformation and stress analysis of the skull and brain show that skull flexure and tissue cavitation are possible mechanisms of blast-induced traumatic brain injury.