A comprehensive evaluation of flexible FDM/FFF 3D printing filament as a potential material in medical application
A comprehensive evaluation of flexible FDM/FFF 3D printing filament as a potential material in medical application
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109958
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发表时间：
2020-09-05
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Janik, Helena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harynska, Agnieszka;Carayon, Iga;Janik, Helena
FDM/FFF在医学3D打印中的应用越来越普遍。这是由于3D打印机和用于FDM/FFF的灯丝的高可用性和合理的价格。目前，研究人员的注意力主要集中在基于PLA、PCL或其改性的医用长丝的研究上。这导致市场上医用级长丝的多样性不足。此外，由于缺乏用于长丝测试的特定标准，制造商通常仅提供用于长丝制造的原材料的特性。当被视为医疗级材料时，这种缺乏全面数据的情况可能是有问题的。根据本概述，我们对FDM/FFF 3DP - Bioflex（R）（Filoalfa）的医用级柔性细丝进行了全面评价。我们通过多种方法和技术进行了复杂的表征，包括光谱分析（FTIR，拉曼），动态力学分析（DMA），热性能（DSC，TGA），流变特性（MFR）。在下一步中，使用打印的Bioflex（R）样品来表征3D打印过程后的材料行为。机械分析允许根据技术数据表中给出的值估计印刷过程后材料强度如何降低。接触角测量确定了Bioflex（R）印刷品的润湿性。进行了一系列体外研究，以评估其作为植入式结构的潜力。总之，3D打印过程不会影响打印的生物相容性（ISO 10993：5）。加速降解研究表明印刷样品的耐水解性提高。反过来，在模拟体液（SBF）溶液中进行孵育，显示碳酸化羟基磷灰石（HAp）沉积在主表面上，表明其生物活性特性。因此，所研究的细丝似乎是进一步开发FDM/FFF 3DP结构用于先进生物和医学应用的合适候选者。
The use of FDM/FFF in 3D printing for medical sciences is becoming common. This is due to the high availability and decent price of both 3D printers and filaments useful for FDM/FFF. Currently, researchers' attention is focused mainly on the study of medical filaments based on PLA, PCL or their modifications. This contributes to insufficient diversity of medical-grade filaments on the market. Moreover, due to the lack of specified standards for filaments testing, manufacturers often provide merely the characteristics of the raw materials, which were used for filaments fabrication. This lack of comprehensive data can be problematic when viewed as medical-grade material. As a consequence of this overview, we have performed a comprehensive evaluation of a flexible medical-grade filament for FDM/FFF 3DP - Bioflex (R) (Filoalfa). We have performed complex characterization through a variety of methods and techniques including spectroscopic analysis (FTIR, Raman), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal properties (DSC, TGA), rheological characteristic (MFR). In the next step, printed Bioflex (R) samples were utilized to characterize the material behaviour after the 3D printing process. The mechanical analysis allowed to estimate how the material strength decreases after the printing process according to the values given in the technical data sheet. The contact angle measurements determined wettability of the Bioflex (R) printouts. Performed series of in vitro studies were carried out to assess its potential as as implantable structures. In conclusion, 3D printing process did not affect the printouts biocompatibility (ISO 10993:5). Accelerated degradation studies indicated elevated hydrolysis resistance of printed samples. In turn, performed incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, revealed carbonated hydroxyapatite (HAp) deposition on printouts surface indicating their bioactive properties. Thus, studied filament seems to be a suitable candidate for further development of FDM/FFF 3DP structures for advanced biological and medical application.