Factors to determine the functions and structures in natural and constructed tidal flats
Factors to determine the functions and structures in natural and constructed tidal flats
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DOI：
10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00013-x
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发表时间：
1998-09
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Jeoung gyu Lee;W. Nishijima;T. Mukai;K. Takimoto;Tohru Seiki;K. Hiraoka;M. Okada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jeoung gyu Lee;W. Nishijima;T. Mukai;K. Takimoto;Tohru Seiki;K. Hiraoka;M. Okada
本研究的目的是评估人造潮滩的设计准则和环境条件对人造生态系统的结构和功能的影响。研究了7个人工滩涂和3个天然滩涂的位置（浪高、潮流）、河水入流、滩涂坡度和建成后年龄的差异。研究的参数包括土壤的理化和生物学特性以及呼吸速率。与人工滩涂相比，天然滩涂的泥沙、氮和有机质含量较高。天然产物在2cm以下有一个还原区，而人工产物在20cm以下有一个好氧区。人工滩涂土壤细菌数量比天然滩涂低一至两个数量级。大型底栖动物生物量和微生物呼吸速率在天然滩涂和人工滩涂间无显著差异。有一个特殊的人工潮滩，具有与自然潮滩相似的物理化学和生物特征。与天然滩地相似的充分条件很可能不仅是坡度，而且是在封闭海湾或平静的沿海地区。因此，要使人造潮滩具有与天然潮滩相同的特征，就必须设计及/或定位人造潮滩，以增加潮滩上泥沙的积聚。重要的是选择一个低水流运动的地方，建设一个小坡度的平地。
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of design criteria and environmental conditions of the site of created tidal flats, on the structure and function of the man-made ecosystem. Seven constructed tidal flats and three natural tidal flats were studied taking into consideration the difference in the location (wave height and tidal current), inflow of river water, slope of tidal flat and age after the construction was completed. Parameters studied were physico–chemical and biological characteristics of soils and rate of respiration. The natural tidal flats had higher contents of silt, nitrogen and organic matter compared to the constructed ones. The natural ones had a reductive zone below 2cm, whereas the constructed ones had an aerobic zone from the surface to below 20cm. The bacterial population in the soil of the constructed tidal flats were one to two orders of magnitude lower than that in the natural ones. Biomass of macrobenthos and microbial respiration rate, however, were not significantly different between the natural and the constructed tidal flats. There was an exceptional constructed tidal flat with similar physico–chemical and biological characteristics as the natural ones. It is most probable that sufficient conditions to have similar tidal flats to natural ones are not only the slope, but also the location in enclosed bay or calm coastal area. Thus, to make man-made tidal flats with the same characteristics as those in natural one, man-made tidal flats should be designed and/or located to enhance the accumulation of silt on tidal flat. It is important to select a place having low water motion and to construct a flat with small slope.