Transnationalism: A Category of Analysis
Transnationalism: A Category of Analysis
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跨国主义：分析的一个类别
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Way
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Briggs;Gladys I. McCormick;J. Way
本文认为，跨国主义是一个不可或缺的术语，使所有的方式，学术学科依赖，并具体化，国家尖锐的救济。尽管有人指责这一概念在智力上是“软”的，但本文认为，它在消除学术共谋与建设国家的意识形态工作方面做了至关重要的工作。我们认为，跨国主义是一种激进的干预，其根源可以追溯到法农和沃勒斯坦的反帝国主义作家，再到新自由主义最尖锐的批评者。本文主要借鉴了拉丁美洲和美国的研究成果，认为跨国主义不一定是一个排除我们思考边界、围墙和军队的能力的概念，而恰恰是一个概念工具，使我们能够在全球化的跨国潮流及其不满中找到像边境墙这样的物体。 1986年，琼·斯科特（Joan Scott）总结了十年来的女权主义学术研究，认为性别指的远不止性别身体（甚至更糟糕的是女性身体），而是整个象征系统和社会组织形式。在这篇文章中，我们认为国家也是如此，它有组织的知识，学科（墨西哥历史，美国文学）和社会组织形式（与危地马拉经济相关的整个官僚机构）。虽然国家绝不是一个超历史的、自然的或自治的实体，但把它当作一个实体来对待，在政治上和学术上都是有益的。“性别”是司各特给能够揭示性的建构性和实用性的概念酸起的名字;“跨国主义”是对民族的批判已经开始的标志。
This essay argues that transnationalism is an indispensible term, bringing into sharp relief all the ways that scholarly disciplines have relied upon, and reified, the nation. Although some have charged that the concept is intellectually “soft,” this article contends that it does crucial work in undoing academic complicity with the ideological work of constructing the nation. Transnationalism is, we argue, a radical intervention with roots in anti-imperialist writers back to Fanon and Wallerstein, forward to the sharpest critics of neoliberalism. Drawing on work principally from Latin American and the United States, this article suggests that transnationalism need not be a concept that obviates our ability to think borders, walls, and militaries, but is precisely the conceptual apparatus that allows us to locate objects like the border wall in relation to transnational currents of globalization and its discontents. In 1986, Joan Scott summarized a decade of feminist scholarship by arguing that gender refers to far more than sexed bodies (or even worse, female ones), but to entire symbolic systems and forms of social organization. In this piece, we suggest that the same is true of the nation—that it has organized knowledge, disciplines (Mexican History, American Literature), and forms of social organization (the entire bureaucratic apparatus associated with the Guatemalan economy). While the nation is anything but a transhistorical, natural, or autonomous entity, it has been politically usefully and academically expedient to proceed as if it were. “Gender” was the name Scott gave to the conceptual acid that could reveal the constructedness and utility of sex; “transnationalism” is the sign under which a critique of the nation has been underway.