Heat stress responses in a large set of winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) depend on the timing and duration of stress
Heat stress responses in a large set of winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) depend on the timing and duration of stress
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0222639
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发表时间：
2019-09-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Veisz, Otto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balla, Krisztina;Karsai, Ildiko;Veisz, Otto
热对作物产量的不利影响在很大程度上取决于其持续时间和热发生时作物的物候期。为了阐明这两个方面的热胁迫的影响，在控制条件下，对101个不同地理来源的小麦品种进行了系统的研究。从3个生育期（ZD 49：孕穗期、ZD 59：抽穗期、ZD 72：抽穗后第6天）开始，进行不同持续时间（5、10和15 d）的热胁迫。通过测定小麦的形态、产量相关性状和生理参数，研究了不同基因型小麦在高温胁迫持续时间和时间组合下的胁迫反应模式。物候期对千粒重和生殖分蘖数有显著影响。热胁迫持续时间是决定种子数和种子重以及产量的最显著因素，可解释51.6%的表型方差。无论发育阶段如何，产量相关性状随着时间的推移逐渐恶化，即使是5天的热胁迫也足以导致显着降低。ZD 59对热的敏感性显著高于ZD 49或ZD 72。旗叶光合活性主要受热胁迫持续时间的影响。没有显着的协会之间的生理参数和热应激反应，以粮食产量。不同基因型小麦对热胁迫的反应存在显著差异，且随发育阶段的不同而变化较大。根据不同发育阶段和不同热胁迫处理下的产量差异，可将小麦基因型划分为8个主要的热胁迫反应群，其中3个群最耐热。这些栽培品种目前被列入杂交计划，部分用于鉴定热应激反应的遗传决定因素，部分用于开发具有更好耐热性的新小麦品种。
The adverse effects of heat on plant yield strongly depend on its duration and the phenological stage of the crops when the heat occurs. To clarify the effects of these two aspects of heat stress, systematic research was conducted under controlled conditions on 101 wheat cultivars of various geographic origin. Different durations of heat stress (5, 10 and 15 days) were applied starting from three developmental stages (ZD49: booting stage, ZD59: heading, ZD72: 6th day after heading). Various morphological, yield-related traits and physiological parameters were measured to determine the stress response patterns of the wheat genotypes under combinations of the duration and the timing of heat stress. Phenological timing significantly influenced the thousand-kernel weight and reproductive tiller number. The duration of heat stress was the most significant component in determining both seed number and seed weight, as well as the grain yield consequently, explaining 51.6% of its phenotypic variance. Irrespective of the developmental phase, the yield-related traits gradually deteriorated over time, and even a 5-day heat stress was sufficient to cause significant reductions. ZD59 was significantly more sensitive to heat than either ZD49 or ZD72. The photosynthetic activity of the flag leaf was mostly determined by heat stress duration. No significant associations were noted between physiological parameters and heat stress response as measured by grain yield. Significant differences were observed between the wheat genotypes in heat stress responses, which varied greatly with developmental phase. Based on the grain yield across developmental phases and heat stress treatments, eight major response groups of wheat genotypes could be identified, and among them, three clusters were the most heat-tolerant. These cultivars are currently included in crossing schemes, partially for the identification of the genetic determinants of heat stress response and partially for the development of new wheat varieties with better heat tolerance.