Epidemiology of drinking, alcohol use disorders, and related problems in US ethnic minority groups.
Epidemiology of drinking, alcohol use disorders, and related problems in US ethnic minority groups.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00037-9
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mills, Britain A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caetano, Raul;Vaeth, Patrice A C;Mills, Britain A
本章回顾了美国少数民族饮酒及相关问题的流行病学研究。少数民族和白色多数群体在酒精使用和相关问题，包括酒精使用障碍方面表现出重要的差异。研究表明，主要民族和种族群体，特别是黑人、西班牙裔和美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民，酗酒、饮酒超过指南、酗酒和依赖的比率较高。在某些少数群体中发病率较高的其他问题有，例如癌症（黑人）、肝硬化（西班牙裔）、胎儿酒精综合症（黑人和美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人）、酒后驾车（西班牙裔、美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人）。在某些种族群体中，如西班牙裔、亚裔美国人和美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人，饮酒率和问题也有相当大的差异。例如，在西班牙裔美国人中，波多黎各人和墨西哥裔美国人比古巴裔美国人饮酒更多，酗酒和依赖等疾病的发病率更高。差异也影响到少数群体酗酒的轨迹和酒精依赖的过程。对这些差异的理论解释一般将其归因于历史上的歧视经历以及少数群体在个人和环境层面上的社会经济劣势。
This chapter reviews selected epidemiologic studies on drinking and associated problems among US ethnic minorities. Ethnic minorities and the White majority group exhibit important differences in alcohol use and related problems, including alcohol use disorders. Studies show a higher rate of binge drinking, drinking above guidelines, alcohol abuse, and dependence for major ethnic and racial groups, notably, Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. Other problems with a higher prevalence in certain minority groups are, for example, cancer (Blacks), cirrhosis (Hispanics), fetal alcohol syndrome (Blacks and American Indians/Alaskan Natives), drinking and driving (Hispanics, American Indians/Alaskan Natives). There are also considerable differences in rates of drinking and problems within certain ethnic groups such as Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. For instance, among Hispanics, Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans drink more and have higher rates of disorders such as alcohol abuse and dependence than Cuban Americans. Disparities also affect the trajectory of heavy drinking and the course of alcohol dependence among minorities. Theoretic accounts of these disparities generally attribute them to the historic experience of discrimination and to minority socioeconomic disadvantages at individual and environmental levels.