Responses of the Northern Bering Sea and Southeastern Bering Sea Pelagic Ecosystems Following Record-Breaking Low Winter Sea Ice
Responses of the Northern Bering Sea and Southeastern Bering Sea Pelagic Ecosystems Following Record-Breaking Low Winter Sea Ice
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DOI：
10.1029/2019gl083396
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发表时间：
2019-08-28
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Yasumiishi, Ellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.;Stabeno, Phyllis;Yasumiishi, Ellen
2017-2018年冬季白令海海冰是有记录以来最低的。低冰对生态系统的影响已在白令海东南部观测到，但从未在白令海北部观测到。在这两个系统中观察到的结果包括水柱分层减弱、春季水华延迟和大型甲壳类浮游动物丰度低。夏季冷池的存在非常有限。尽管其他远洋饲料鱼类的捕获量较低，但幼鳕的产量和条件与前暖年相似。在白令海北部观察到夏季海鸟死亡，在白令海东南部观察到较少程度的死亡，并且在监测的种群中繁殖成功率很低。对北方海冰缺乏的自下而上的响应与南方的类似，可能为研究较少的系统提供环境指标来预测生态系统的影响。结果提供了在未来低冰预测下更广泛的白令海远洋生态系统的潜在一瞥。2017-2018年冬季，白令海北部和东南部缺乏冬季海冰。这是前所未有的，其影响是未知的，特别是对白令海北部。生态系统调查显示，处于食物网底部的海洋动植物春季生产推迟，食物质量普遍较低。2018年，对全球鱼类市场很重要的商业物种狭鳕幼鱼的丰度处于平均水平，但其他饲料鱼类的渔获量较低。白令海北部的海鸟大量死亡。如果以前在白令海东南部观察到的与热有关的生态系统变化现在正在白令海北部发生，那么如果海洋在未来继续变暖，就可能发生食物网的破坏和更多的死亡。
Bering Sea sea ice during winter 2017-2018 was the lowest ever recorded. Ecosystem effects of low ice have been observed in the southeastern Bering Sea, but never in the northern Bering Sea. Observations in both systems included weakened water column stratification, delayed spring bloom, and low abundances of large crustacean zooplankton. Summer Cold Pool presence was extremely limited. Young walleye pollock production and condition were similar to prior warm years, though catches of other pelagic forage fishes were low. Summer seabird die-offs were observed in the northern Bering Sea, and to lesser extent in the southeastern Bering Sea, and reproductive success was poor at monitored colonies. Selected bottom-up responses to lack of sea ice in the north were similar to those in the south, potentially providing environmental indicators to project ecosystem effects in a lesser studied system. Results offer a potential glimpse of the broader Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem under future low-ice projections.Plain Language Summary During the winter of 2017-2018, there was a lack of winter sea ice in the northern and southeastern Bering Sea. This was unprecedented, and its implications were unknown, especially for the northern Bering Sea. Ecosystem surveys showed that oceanic plants and animals at the base of the food web were delayed in their spring production and food quality was generally low. Abundances of young walleye pollock, a commercial species important to the global fish market, were average in 2018, but catches of other forage fishes were lower. Seabird die-offs in the northern Bering Sea were extensive. If heat-related ecosystem changes previously observed in the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem are now happening in the northern Bering Sea, disruptions to food webs and increased die-offs could occur if oceans continue to warm in the future.