Particle size distribution and inhalation dose of shower water under selected operating conditions
Particle size distribution and inhalation dose of shower water under selected operating conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/08958370601144241
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Cheng, Yung-Sung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou, Yue;Benson, Janet M.;Cheng, Yung-Sung
淋浴会产生可吸入的液滴，这些液滴可用于存款污染物，如呼吸道内的三卤甲烷净化产品、重金属、无机盐、微生物或氰基细菌毒素。这种室内接触途径的程度和重要性取决于气溶胶的物理特性以及水源水的污染物概况。本研究的目的是表征水产生的气溶胶作为水流量，温度和浴室位置的函数。气溶胶是在含有人体模型的淋浴间内产生的，以模拟人类的存在。使用热水时，淋浴器内和浴室内液滴的质量中值直径（MMD）分别为6.3-7.5 μ m和5.2-6 μ m。尺寸与水流速无关。淋浴器内的颗粒浓度范围为5至14毫克/立方米（3）。使用冷水产生的气溶胶较小（2.5-3.1 μ m），淋浴间内的浓度较低（0.02-0.1 mg/m3）。当使用冷水时，在浴室区域没有检测到气溶胶。国际放射防护委员会模型用于估计呼吸道中的水沉积。对于热水，总沉积量范围为11至14 mg，取决于水的流速，其中约50%的沉积在胸外区域，在假设口呼吸时，大于86%，当假设鼻呼吸时。假设经口和经鼻呼吸，肺泡沉积分别为6-10%和0.9%。淋浴水滴沉积的后果将取决于源水中任何污染物的性质和程度。
Showering produces respirable droplets that may serve to deposit pollutants such as trihalomethane decontamination products, heavy metals, inorganic salts, microbes, or cyanoacterial toxins within the respiratory tract. The extent and importance of this route of indoor exposure depend on the physical characteristics of the aerosol as well as the pollutant profile of the source water. The purpose of this study was to characterize shower-generated aerosols as a function of water flow rate, temperature, and bathroom location. Aerosols were generated within a shower stall containing a mannequin to simulate the presence of a human. Using hot water, the mass median diameter (MMD) of the droplets inside the shower and in the bathroom were 6.3-7.5 um and 5.2-6 mu m, respectively. Size was independent of water flow rate. The particle concentration inside the shower ranged from 5 to 14 mg/m(3). Aerosols generated using cold water were smaller (2.5-3.1 mu m) and concentrations were lower (0.02-0.1 mg/m(3)) inside the shower stall. No aerosols were detected in the bathroom area when cold water was used. The International Commission on Radiological Protection model was used to estimate water deposition in the respiratory tract. For hot water, total deposition ranged from 11 to 14 mg, depending on water flow rate, with approximately 50% of this deposited in the extrathoracic region during assumed mouth breathing, and greater than 86% when nose breathing was assumed. Alveolar deposition was 6-10% and 0.9% assuming oral and nasal breathing, respectively. The consequences deposition of shower water droplets will depend on the nature and extent of any pollutants in the source water.