Diversity and function of fungi in peatlands: A carbon cycling perspective
Diversity and function of fungi in peatlands: A carbon cycling perspective
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DOI：
10.4141/s05-082
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发表时间：
2006-03
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Thormann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Thormann
Thormann，M.N.2006。泥炭地真菌的多样性和功能：碳循环的观点。能。J.土壤科学。86：281-293。泥炭地是北半球的主要地貌，由于分解和植物生产率之间的不平衡，泥炭地以泥炭的形式积累碳。分解菌(腐生菌)和菌根真菌通过胞外酶的合成来降解有机物，从而显著影响碳动态。随着有机质的分解，凋落物质量变量在真菌的演替中占据最重要的地位。因此，主要由复杂聚合物组成的垃圾分解非常慢。令人惊讶的是，顽固的聚合物降解菌(主要是担子菌)很少从泥炭中分离出来，这可能解释了泥炭剖面中复杂聚合物的积累。虽然菌根真菌和其他根内生真菌的酶谱可能比SAProbe更有限，但这些真菌中的许多也可以降解不同复杂程度的聚合物，因此也可能是有机物的重要分解者。到目前为止，泥炭地分离最多的真菌是无性子囊菌和合子菌(分别占所有分类群的63%和10%)，合子囊菌、合子囊菌和担子菌似乎不太常见(占所有分类群的11%)。其余16%的分类群仍未鉴定或为不育类群。干扰如何影响泥炭地微生物群落及其作用几乎是未知的。泥炭地微生物生态的这一方面需要立即关注。本文的目的是综述泥炭地真菌多样性及其在碳循环动力学中的作用的研究现状。
Thormann, M. N. 2006. Diversity and function of fungi in peatlands: A carbon cycling perspective. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 281‐293. Peatlands are a dominant landform in the northern hemisphere, accumulating carbon in the form of peat due to an imbalance between decomposition and plant production rates. Decomposer (saprobes) and mycorrhizal fungi significantly influence carbon dynamics by degrading organic matter via the synthesis of extracellular enzymes. As organic matter decomposes, litter quality variables figure most prominently in the succession of fungi. Hence, litters composed primarily of complex polymers decompose very slowly. Surprisingly, recalcitrant polymer degraders (mostly basidiomycetes) are rarely isolated from peat, which may explain the accumulation of complex polymers in peat profiles. While enzymatic profiles of mycorrhizal fungi and other root endophytes may be more limited compared with saprobes, many of these fungi can degrade polymers of varying complexity as well and hence may also be significant decomposers of organic matter. To date, anamorphic ascomycetes and zygomycetes are the most frequently isolated fungi from peatlands (63 and 10% of all taxa, respectively), and chytridiomycetes, teleomorphic ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes appear to be less common (11% of all taxa). The remaining 16% of taxa remain unidentified or are sterile taxa. How disturbances affect peatland microbial communities and their roles is virtually unknown. This aspect of peatland microbial ecology requires immediate attention. The objective of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge of the diversity of fungi and their roles in carbon cycling dynamics in peatlands.