Una nueva especie de ratón orejón del género Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) del norte del Perú
Una nueva especie de ratón orejón del género Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) del norte del Perú
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Una nueva especie deratón orejón del género Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837（啮齿动物：仓鼠科）秘鲁北部
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Dan Vivas
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作者：
V. Pacheco;E. M. Rengifo;Dan Vivas
叶耳鼠是一种种类丰富的叶耳鼠属，分布于南美洲安第斯山脉，海拔高度为5500米。该属包括15种，分为三组：andium/amicus， osilae和darwin组（sensu Steppan et al. 2007）。我们描述了来自秘鲁安第斯山脉北部的Phyllotis属啮齿动物的一个新种，在文献中被称为Phyllotis sp. nov. 1或Phyllotis sp.，并在Phyllotis分子系统发育的背景下，作为P. andium/amicus组的成员（Steppan et al. 2007）。报道了该物种的标准核型，并对其自然史进行了评述。我们进一步确定了秘鲁安第斯山脉西北部的一个地方性地区，在那里新物种和其他sigmodontiines的分布模式一致。方法：将该新种与其他种（主要是andium/amicus群）进行详细比较。描述性统计采用成人标本的4个外部和20个颅和牙测量。用t检验评价了毛竹和毛竹的两性二态性。然后，将所有颅部和齿部测量值用于对数变换测量值协方差矩阵的主成分分析（PCA），以比较新种与P. andium。在Ford和Hamerton（1956）之后，从骨髓中获得染色体制备。结果：Phyllotis 11 . sp.与所有其他同属物种的区别在于其相对较短的尾巴和独特的颅骨形态，包括一个相对较长的尖锐孔，一个长腭向后延伸超过M3，无内侧突的中翼窝，鳞状脊相对明显，外鼓室大，从背面看容易看到，包膜突不明显或不存在。PCA双标图显示了两个明显分离的类群，一个由新种标本组成，另一个由P. andium组成；新种主要位于第一轴的正侧，而P。负极是阳极。二倍体数（2n）为48，常染色体基数（FN）为72。讨论与结论：Phyllotis属新种为秘鲁北部普纳区特有种。这一发现支持了秘鲁西北部普纳地区一个广义生物地理学分支的假设，在那里，几个sigmodontine物种的分布范围在一个受里约热内卢Santa、里约热内卢Maranon和Huancabamba洼地限制的地区重合。基于大量顶心染色体的存在和现有的分子数据，我们提出了一个限制的andium类群，包括P. andium， P. defi nitus和新种。本文还总结了该物种的自然历史、生境偏好、繁殖和系统地位等方面的资料。由于该物种分布有限，人类活动相对频繁，且未出现在任何保护区，因此可能受到威胁。
Introduction: Leaf-eared mice, Phyllotis comprise a highly species-rich genus distributed in the Andes of South America from sea level to 5,500 m. This genus includes 15 species in three groups: andium/amicus , osilae , and darwini groups ( sensu Steppan et al. 2007). We describe a new species of rodent of the genus Phyllotis from the northern Peruvian Andes, which has been mentioned in the literature as Phyllotis sp. nov. 1 or Phyllotis sp. and placed, in the context of a molecular phylogeny of Phyllotis , as member of the P. andium/amicus group (Steppan et al. 2007). We also report the standard karyotype of this species and comment on its natural history. We further identify an area of endemism in the northwestern Andes of Peru, where the new species and other sigmodontines coincide in patterns of distribution. Methodology: The new species was in detail compared with other species of Phyllotis, mainly those of the andium/amicus group . Four external and 20 cranial and dental measurements from adult specimens were employed in descriptive statistics. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated in Phyllotis nov. sp. and P. andium using the t test. Then, to compare the new species with P. andium, all cranial and dental measurements were used in principal component analyses (PCA) of the covariance matrix of log-transformed measurements. Chromosome preparations were obtained from bone marrow, following Ford and Hamerton (1956). Results: Phyllotis nov. sp. is distinguished from all other congeneric species by the combination of a relatively short tail and distinctive cranial morphology, including an comparatively long incisive foramen, a long palate that extends posteriorly beyond M3, mesopterygoid fossa without medial process, squamosal ridge relatively pronounced, ectotympanic large and easily visible from dorsal view, and capsular process inconspicuous or absent. The biplots of PCA show two clearly separated groups, one shaped by specimens of the new species and the other by P. andium ; the new species is located mainly on the positive side of the first axis whereas P . andium on the negative side. The diploid number (2n) is 48 and the autosomal fundamental number (FN) is 72. Discussion and conclusions: The new species of Phyllotis is endemic to the Puna ecoregion of northern Peru. This discovery supports the hypothesis of a generalized biogeographical subdivision in the Puna of northwestern Peru where the ranges of several sigmodontine species coincide in an area limited by the Rio Santa, the Rio Maranon, and the Huancabamba depression. Based on the presence of numerous acrocentric chromosomes and the available molecular data we propose a restricted andium group to include P. andium , P. defi nitus , and the new species. We also summarize available data on natural history, habitat preferences, reproduction, and the systematic position of this species. The species may be threatened due to its restricted distribution, the relatively high anthropic activity in the region, and its absence in any protected area.